EPFL researchers have developed a new method that they believe can make future electronic devices more energy-efficient. The team says excitons are quasi-particles formed when electrons absorb light. These particles have the potential to completely change the components of the circuit.
The team has been studying the characteristics of excitons to design more energy-efficient electronic devices. They found a way to control excitons better when they move in semiconductors. Quasiparticles are a temporary phenomenon produced by the interaction of two particles in a solid substance. When an electron absorbs a photon and enters a higher energy state, leaving a hole in its previous energy state, excitons are generated.
The electrons and electron holes are combined by attraction, and the two together form so-called excitons. When the electron falls back into the hole, it emits a photon, and the exciton no longer exists. Last year, the team was able to create a transistor that used excitons instead of electrons at room temperature.
In order to extend the life of excitons, scientists superimpose two different 2D materials, which are tungsten diselenide and tungsten selenide. The material created has a shimmer texture that affects the distribution of quasiparticles. Within the material, excitons tend to gather together at specific locations and prevent current flow. To prevent this from happening, the research team added an intermediate layer of hexagonal boron nitride to allow them to see the excitons and their energy levels more clearly. The research team also discovered how to polarize the exciton current so that quasiparticles can eventually be used to encode data. The team stated that this opened the door for future coding and data processing at the nanoscale.
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