Abstract In the supply-side structural reform, electricity price reform is undoubtedly an important link. First, the reduction of electricity prices is directly related to the reduction of corporate costs. Second, in the reform of the price system to build a fair competitive market environment, electricity price reform can be called "hard bones & r...
In the supply-side structural reform, electricity price reform is undoubtedly an important link. First, the reduction of electricity prices is directly related to the reduction of corporate costs. Second, in the reform of the price system to build a fair competitive market environment, electricity price reform can be called a "hard bone" in the "hard bones." Since the launch of the "Several Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Further Deepening the Reform of the Power System" and the launch of a new round of power market reform in March 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission and relevant departments have actively adopted a number of measures to promote electricity reform, "planned electricity". The pace of moving toward “market power†has been accelerating, and the cost of reducing electricity consumption in the real economy has achieved remarkable results. Since 2015, the annual cost of electricity consumption of enterprises has dropped by more than 150 billion yuan.
Grasping the window period, the electricity price reform is promoting in all directions
When more than 97% of the prices of goods and services are calculated by the market, the “last mile†of price reforms has only a few hard-core “hard bones†left, and electricity is one of them. The power system reform plan introduced in 2002 has made little progress in more than a decade. In recent years, power supply capacity has grown rapidly, power demand growth has been relatively slow, and power supply and demand has shown a loose trend. At the same time, as primary energy and raw material prices fall, power production costs have also dropped significantly. Lowering the price of electricity has ushered in a rare window.
Seizing the opportunity, decisively advancing, and using electricity price reform to reduce costs for enterprises is the main theme of the one-year call price reform. According to the person in charge of the price department of the National Development and Reform Commission, the direction of this round of reform is to "control the middle and let go of the two ends." "The conditions for creating electricity and electricity are determined by the market, and the government regulates the transmission and distribution prices of intermediate links through approval and supervision." In this direction, the reform of electricity prices has made great strides in many aspects.
In the key link of the power system reform, "speed up": through the transmission and distribution price reform and strict cost supervision and examination, reduce the transmission and distribution costs of power grid enterprises. Since the “breaking ice†of the Shenzhen reform pilot in 2014, in 2015, pilot projects were launched in five provincial-level power grids in Anhui, Hubei, Ningxia, Yunnan and Guizhou. In 2016, the pilot scope continued to expand, covering 18 provincial power grids and one regional power grid. Through the cost supervision and audit, the nuclear industry's unrelated assets and unreasonable costs totaled 21 billion yuan. After comprehensive consideration of future investment growth factors, the part used to reduce the sales price is about 8 billion yuan.
Actively explore the cost reduction path at the power selling end: First, promote direct power trading and reduce the price of large users. According to estimates, in 2015, the country’s direct electricity transaction was 430 billion kWh, which was reduced by an average of 5 cents per kWh, reducing the cost of electricity by 21.5 billion yuan. In 2016, the scale of power market transactions was further expanded, and the cost of electricity consumption was further reduced. The second is to promote cross-provincial cross-regional power trading and reduce the cost of electricity in the receiving areas. Take the “Silver DC DC Transmitting Direct Transaction†organized by the Beijing Electric Power Trading Center as an example. A total of 9 billion kWh was sold, and the price per kWh was 6 cents, reducing the expenditure of Shandong power enterprises by 540 million yuan.
While reducing the price of electricity through reforms, it is also making a fuss about optimizing the structure of electricity prices, and reducing the price of prices for the elimination of preferential prices and cross-provincial cross-regional energy trading prices, which is used to reduce the electricity price for industrial and commercial sales. The preliminary estimate is that the amount of price reduction is 16.8 billion yuan. In response to the problem of excessive high electricity tariffs reflected by industrial enterprises, the National Development and Reform Commission has issued a policy to improve the implementation of basic electricity prices. It is expected that the electricity tariffs of electricity-using enterprises will fall by another 15 billion yuan after implementation.
Focus on tapping potential, and favorable policies will be launched one after another
If the general ledger is counted, more than a year of electricity price reforms have reduced the cost of electricity for enterprises. However, the person in charge of the price department of the Price Department of the National Development and Reform Commission said: "China's electricity prices still have some room for price cuts, so we are still doing everything possible to tap potential and further help companies reduce costs."
For example, commercial enterprises generally reflect high electricity prices. In this regard, the person in charge said that from the perspective of electricity price structure, the average electricity price of China's agriculture, residents, large industry and general industry and commerce is 0.46 yuan, 0.56 yuan, 0.66 yuan and 0.81 yuan per kWh respectively. It is the highest among all types of electricity prices. Solving this problem has positive significance for promoting the development of the tertiary industry. In recent years, the commercial electricity price level has dropped significantly by implementing the industrial and commercial price policy. For example, in Guizhou, which achieved the same price in industry and commerce in 2015, the average level of commercial electricity prices dropped from 0.95 yuan per kWh to 0.72 yuan, a decrease of 0.23 yuan. Regarding the peak-to-valley time-of-use tariff, the relevant departments are actively studying solutions. In addition, according to the process of power marketization, qualified commercial enterprises are encouraged to directly participate in or entrust sales companies to participate in direct power transactions, further reducing the cost of purchasing electricity. Yunnan, Guizhou and other places to carry out pilot reform of electric power, Guangdong, Chongqing and other places to carry out pilot reforms in the power-sales side, providing an institutional basis for the sales companies to represent the general industrial and commercial enterprises to participate in electricity market transactions.
It is understood that more favorable policies for lowering electricity prices in the second half of the year will be launched. The reform of transmission and distribution price will continue to be promoted. At present, the cost supervision and review working group has been stationed in 18 provincial power grids and one regional power grid. It is planned to use three months to carry out supervision and examination, scientifically verify the transmission and distribution prices of power grid enterprises, and further reduce the use. Electricity costs. At the same time, vigorously promote direct trading of electricity. If the scale of direct electricity transactions this year is expanded from 400 billion kWh last year to 100 billion kWh, the average price reduction of 5 cents per kWh will be used to reduce the electricity consumption of industrial enterprises by 30 billion yuan. In reducing energy replacement costs and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction, the peak-to-valley time-of-use tariff policy will be improved, and provincial and inter-provincial direct transactions of abandoned wind power will be expanded to help electric storage enterprises reduce electricity costs and reduce Beijing, including Beijing. The electric heating cost of the “Three North†area promotes the replacement of coal-fired boilers and loose coal combustion with electric energy to promote smog treatment.
Reforming the deep water area, be careful and have perseverance (review)
The price reduction is a simple, complicated thing.
From the power generation side, it is necessary to consider not only the cost level of fossil energy such as coal, oil and gas, but also the cost level of new energy such as wind, light and water. From the perspective of transmission and distribution, it is necessary to consider the “over-network feeâ€. However, how to establish a reasonable transmission and distribution price standard and verification method is a problem that has not been solved in the power reform for more than a decade. From the perspective of the user, it is necessary to consider the balance of the four major users of residents, agriculture, large industries, and general industrial and commercial enterprises. Therefore, the problems involved in the electricity price reform are all in the deep water area of ​​the typical power system reform, which is the "hard bone" in the "hard bones." Moreover, electricity is a special commodity, and its stability is related to the economy, people's livelihood and other aspects. Therefore, from "planned electricity" to "market electricity", the steps must be fast and more stable.
In fact, it is basically necessary to take risks in the deep water area to take stock of the relevant areas of the supply-side structural reform. Success or failure is related to social stability, and of course you must be careful. However, the reform of the deep water area also often touches on the key to perfecting the socialist market economic system. Success or failure is related to the development of the future. Therefore, it is necessary to have perseverance in tackling the difficulties. Just like the electricity price reform, we must look at the direction of a small hill and finally reach the peak of the target.
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