"Three essentials", "three rescues" and "three nos" strategies for fire escape

When we face the fire, we must adhere to the principles of "three essentials", "three rescues", and "three nos" in order to be able to turn danger into danger, and to survive.

"Three essentials"-1. Be familiar with the environment of your residence; 2. Keep calm and calm in case of trouble; 3. Be alert to the harm of cigarette smoke.

Usually pay more attention to observation, so as to know the stairs, passages, gates and emergency evacuation exits of the residence, and know whether there are platforms, skylights, temporary refuge floors (rooms).

In addition, let the whole family, especially children, understand the structure of door locks and how to open and close windows. It is particularly worth mentioning that a screened window secured by screws will prevent the window from becoming an emergency exit. Therefore, doors and windows should ensure easy opening and closing. Children must also be taught that in an emergency, they can use chairs or other hard objects to smash the window glass.

Put a floor plan of the house on a conspicuous location of the house so that the whole family can easily see it. On the top of the picture, draw doors and windows marked with special signs, escape routes, obstacles, and the gathering place of the family members in the escape ... If necessary, a home fire drill can also be carried out.
In the face of a raging fire, only when you remain calm and calm can you take quick and decisive measures to protect yourself and others and minimize property damage. Some people took the wrong action because of chaos, and as a result delayed the precious time for escape. For example, I only know that I push the door, and I do n’t pull it hard; I mistake the wall as a door and knock hard; even if I do n’t care about it, I jump blindly ...

Before opening the door, touch the door first. If the door is hot or smoke has penetrated through the door crack, you cannot open the door and prepare to take the second route. Even if the door is not hot, you can only carefully open a little bit and quickly pass, then immediately close the door again. Because the door ran into oxygen when the door was wide open, even a fire that was about to suffocate suddenly burned.
In a fire, the biggest "killer" is not the fire itself, but a large amount of toxic smoke produced during incineration. Its main component is carbon monoxide, and there are also hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, and sulfur dioxide. Research by fire experts shows that when the carbon monoxide content in the air is 1%, people will pass out after a few breaths, and it can cause death in one or two minutes.
According to statistics, in fires in the United States, more than two-thirds of deaths are caused by suffocation or poisoning caused by smoke. To this end, experts recommend that you cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and evacuate the fire as soon as possible. If the fire is too fierce, the exit passage is blocked by smoke, and there is no other route to go. Wet cotton can be used as a cover, a "safety belt" close to the ground, and creeping through the dense smoke corridors and rooms. Never run in a straight posture. Because the hot and cold air is convection, toxic smoke floats in the upper part of the house space, and close to the ground will run into some fresh air for people to breathe. It is very likely that you will be unable to breathe and suffocate while standing and running. If your underwear catches fire, you should take it off immediately, or roll on the ground to extinguish the fire. If someone wears a pant when they run away in panic, they should be rolled down until the fire goes out.

"Three rescues"-1. Choose an escape route to save yourself; 2. Knot the rope and slide to save yourself; 3. Ask the outside world for help.

In the event of a fire, it is the most ideal choice to use staircases, evacuation passages, and open staircases where the smoke is not dense or the fire has not burned. If you can successfully reach below the fire floor, you are basically out of danger.

What should I do after encountering aisles or stairs that have been blocked by fire or poisonous smoke? You should use rope in time (or tear curtains and sheets into thick strips), securely attach one end to a weight-bearing object such as a water pipe or heating pipe, and sag the other end from the window To the balcony on the ground or lower floors. Then he slid down the rope and escaped from the fire.

If you are blocked in the building by the fire and all the escape routes have been cut off, you must temporarily retreat into the room and close the doors and windows leading to the fire area. Staying in the room is not sitting passively. Water can be poured into the doors and windows to slow down the spread of the fire; at the same time, through the window shouting, waving, flashlights, throwing objects, etc., send a distress signal, waiting for the rescue of firefighters. In short, don't do things that are not conducive to escape due to impulse.

"Three No"-1. "No" takes the ordinary elevator; 2. "No" jumps easily; 3. "No" is greedy for property.

After the fire was discovered, in order to prevent the fire from spreading along the electrical lines, people would pull the brake and cut off the power. Sometimes, the fire will burn out the wires. If you take an ordinary elevator to escape, you will be in trouble if there is a power outage. You can neither go up nor go down. It is tantamount to trapping yourself in a "cage". The dangerous consequences can be imagined. It is particularly important to point out here that the fire elevator installed in accordance with the fire protection requirements is excluded, because it has a separate power control and other safety equipment, which can be used for evacuation of personnel.

The risk of jumping from a building to survive is extremely high. Even if you make such a decision at a time of frustration, you must pay attention to methods. First, you should throw a quilt or mattress downstairs so that you do n’t directly collide with hard concrete or stone pavement to reduce the possibility of injury; then grab the window edge with both hands, sag your body, and jump your feet down Reduce the drop from the ground.

The fire is coming very quickly, and it will enter a fierce stage after 10 minutes. According to relevant information, when the fire reaches a violent stage, the horizontal diffusion speed of smoke is 0.5 to 0.8 meters per second, and the vertical and vertical diffusion speed of smoke is faster, which can reach 3.4 meters per second, and Often accompanied by emergencies such as "deflagration" and collapse of buildings. Therefore, fire experts warn that in the event of a fire, you must quickly evacuate and escape, and do n’t waste time dressing or looking for valuables, because any treasure is more precious than life. Not to mention, after having escaped from the fire, to return to the fire for the sake of possessions, in the end, it can only be empty of human resources and self-destruction.