Analysis of tungsten use in major countries in the world

First, the tungsten steel industry is mostly used to produce special steel. The widely used high speed steel contains 9-24% tungsten, 3.8-4.6% chromium, 1-5% vanadium, 4-7% cobalt, and 0.7-1.5% carbon. High-speed steel is characterized by its ability to self-quench at high tempering temperatures (700-800°C) in the air, so it maintains high hardness and wear resistance up to 600-650°C. The tungsten steel in the alloy tool steel contains 0.8-1.2% of tungsten; the chromium-tungsten steel contains 2-2.7% of tungsten; the chromium-tungsten steel contains 2-9% of tungsten; and the chromium-tungsten-manganese steel contains 0.5-1.6% of tungsten. . Tungsten-containing steels are used to make various tools such as drills, milling cutters, wire drawing dies, female and male dies, and pneumatic tools. Tungsten magnets are permanent magnet steels containing 5.2-6.2% tungsten, 0.68-0.78% carbon, and 0.3-0.5% chromium. Tungsten-cobalt magnetic steel contains 11.5-14.3% tungsten, 5.5-6.5% molybdenum, and 11.5-12.5% ​​cobalt hard magnetic material. They have high magnetization and coercive force.

Second, tungsten carbide carbide tungsten carbide has high hardness, wear resistance and infusibility. These alloys contain 85-95% of tungsten carbide and 5-14% of cobalt. Cobalt acts as a binder metal, which gives the alloy the necessary strength. Some of the alloys used primarily for steel processing also contain carbides of titanium, niobium, and tantalum. All these alloys are manufactured by powder metallurgy. When heated to 1000-1100°C, they still have high hardness and wear resistance. The cutting speed of carbide cutting tools far exceeds the cutting speed of the best tool steel cutting tools. Cemented carbide is mainly used for cutting tools, mine tools and drawing dies. Xi'an Yuanying Powder Alloy Materials Co., Ltd. III. Heat Strength and Wear Resistant Alloys As the most refractory metal tungsten, many hot-alloyed alloy components, such as 3-15% tungsten, 25-35% chromium, 45-65% The alloys of cobalt and 0.5-0.75% carbon are mainly used for highly wear-resistant parts such as aeroengine valves, die cutters working parts, turbine wheels, excavating equipment, and surface coatings for plowshares. In aeronautical rocket technology, as well as in other sectors where high heat strength is required for machine parts, engines, and some instruments, tungsten and other alloys for molten metals such as niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, and niobium are used as heat-strength materials.

Four, contact materials and high-density alloy powder metallurgy method of manufacturing tungsten - copper alloy (10-40% copper) and tungsten - silver alloy, both copper and silver good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and tungsten resistance Grinding. As a result, it has become a very effective contact material for manufacturing working parts such as blade switches, circuit breakers, spot welding electrodes, and the like. High-gravity alloys with a composition of 90-95% tungsten, 1-6% nickel, 1-4% copper, and alloys with iron-substituted copper (-5%) for the manufacture of gyroscope rotors, aircraft, Control the rudder's counterweight, radioactive isotope radiation shields, and material baskets.

V. Electro-Vacuum Lighting Materials Tungsten uses tungsten filaments, tungsten ribbons, and various forged components for electron tube production, radio electronics, and X-ray technology. Tungsten is the best material for filaments and spiral filaments. The high operating temperature (2200-2500°C) ensures high luminous efficiency, while the small evaporation rate ensures long wire life. Tungsten wire is used to make direct hot cathodes and grids for electronic oscillating tubes, cathodes for high voltage rectifiers, and side hot cathode heaters in various electronic instruments. Tungsten is used as the cathode and cathode of X-ray tubes and gas discharge tubes, as well as the contacts of radio equipment and the electrodes of atomic hydrogen welding guns. Tungsten and tungsten rods are used as heaters for high temperature furnaces (3000°C). Tungsten heaters work in hydrogen gas, inert gas or vacuum.

6. The tungsten compound, sodium tungstate, is used in the production of some types of paints and pigments, and in the textile industry for the reinforcement of fabrics and the mixing of ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate to make fire-resistant fabrics and tarpaulins. Also used in the manufacture of metal tungsten, tungstic acid and tungstate and dyes, pigments, inks, electroplating and so on. Also used as a catalyst. Tungstic acid is a mordant and dye in the textile industry and a catalyst for the production of high octane gasoline in the chemical industry. Tungsten carbide is used as a solid lubricant and catalyst in the synthesis of synthetic gasolines. Tungsten oxide can be obtained when tungsten ore is treated, and then tungsten trioxide can be reduced with hydrogen to produce tungsten powder, which is widely used as raw materials for tungsten materials and tungsten metallurgy materials.