1. Transportation market. Including automotive parts, motorcycles, diesel engines and railways to provide supporting and repair parts springs, which is currently the most important and promising market for the spring industry, with sales close to 40% of the total industry, and only the 2002 suspension of the automotive industry. There are 7 million springs, 1.2 million valve springs (including motorcycle and diesel engine manufacturing), and 1.2 million stabilizer bars. In 2002, the total sales of springs for supporting and providing maintenance for these industries exceeded RMB 1 billion. In the next 5 to 7 years, China's auto industry will enter a stage of rapid growth, with an annual growth rate of 15 to 25%. In 2003, the suspension demand is expected to approach 10 million, and the demand for stabilizer bars will be 1.6 million. The rapid development of the automotive industry has brought a significant pull to the spring industry. It has been the largest customer in the spring industry and has attracted the attention of foreign counterparts in the spring industry. In addition to several foreign and joint ventures that have entered the Chinese market one after another, it has recently been made in Japan. Co., Ltd. and Chuo Weaving Co., Ltd. have also entered China and want to occupy a place in this market. Another major potential market for the industry is the railway system. With the deepening of the system reform of the railway system, the gradual opening of the market and the implementation of high-speed railway planning, the upgrading of vehicle damping systems, and the installation of new shock-absorbing and noise-reducing components for railway lines will bring tremendous business opportunities to the spring industry. Some companies are listed as high-speed train spring fixed-point units of the Ministry of Railways, and some units are developing rubber-metal composite springs for vibration damping and noise reduction of high-speed railway tracks. At present, the market for the railway system has just begun to open up to the external system. Although the degree of openness is still small, the potential is considerable.
In the next few years, the motorcycle industry will not have much growth, and will continue to maintain the current annual output of 13 million vehicles. The demand for motorcycle shock absorber springs and clutch springs will remain at the level of 50 million and 40 million, and the environment With the increase in demand, the proportion of two-stroke motorcycles has dropped, and the proportion of four strokes has risen, which will increase the number of valve springs. The diesel engine manufacturing industry is driven by the diesel engine of the truck, the injection pump volume will increase, and the market demand for the matching pump spring will increase year-on-year.
2, instrumentation and electronic springs. Typical products such as brushes, switch springs, camera springs, computer keyboard springs, and instrumentation accessories springs. These types of springs have many leaf springs and special-shaped springs. The material and technical requirements of different products vary greatly. In the past few years, the domestic instrumentation, electronics, and electrical appliances industries were hit by imported products and were generally depressed. The spring manufacturers supporting them were weighed down and recovered recently.
3, industrial and mineral products demand for springs. This market covers everything from textile machinery cradle springs to chemical springs, power station switches, hanger springs, bulldozer springs, etc., covering other industrial sectors besides the transportation industry. The material, technical requirements, and process variations are very different. Large, there is a positive relationship between the demand for springs and the market's demand for production materials and the scale of infrastructure projects. A few years ago, affected by the industrial structure, this market has been in an awkward state and has recently picked up, but it has not yet shaken off its adjustment.
4, daily necessities and hardware industry. Such as lighters, toys, locks, door hinges, gym equipment, mattresses, sofas, and so on, in terms of quantity, the greatest demand for springs, hundreds of billions, technical requirements are not high, the price is very low, generally scattered Produced at small spring plants all over the country, they have unique advantages in cost, and it is difficult for large spring plants to compete with them. In recent years, the domestic market has had a strong demand for daily-use hardware products, which has led to the growth of matching springs. As a result, new spring companies have been born from time to time. In the future, market demand will increase at a rate of 7%-10% per annum. After China's accession to the WTO, the export volume of daily hardware products increased significantly and the demand for springs increased. However, due to international market demand and trade barriers, the international market has its own uncertainties.
5. Spring export market trends. According to customs statistics, in the past two years, China exported about 22,000 tons of springs each year. Most of them are leaf springs. The coil springs only account for a small portion of them. The product structure is mainly made of daily-use hardware springs, and the destination is Hong Kong and Taiwan. Mould springs and auto parts springs have been exported to Japan, Europe, America and Southeast Asia in small quantities, but they have not really entered the OEM package. Recently, in order to reduce costs, some U.S. automobile companies have shifted the procurement of automotive parts, including springs, to China and supplemented them with actions. Last year, China Spring Factory and Ford Motor Co., Ltd. of the United States signed a matching contract to create a Chinese spring plant and the United States Ford Motor Company. The signing of the matching contract has created a precedent for China Spring to enter the US OEM market. With the establishment of China's manufacturing power and the improvement of industry technology and product quality, the spring export market has a promising future.
Metallographic Microscope Series
The structure of optical metallographic microscope generally includes magnification system, optical path system and mechanical system, among which the magnification system is the key part. The preparation process of metallographic samples generally includes five steps: sampling, rough grinding, fine grinding, polishing and etching. The interception of samples from metallic materials and parts to be tested is called "sampling". Selection of sampling sites and grinding surfaces must be based on analysis requirements. The size of the sample is not uniform, from the perspective of easy to hold and grinding, the general diameter or side length of 15~20mm, 12~18mm high is suitable. For those too small, irregular shape and the need to protect the edge of the sample, you can adopt Mosaic or mechanical clamping method. For the inlay of metallographic sample, the appropriate size (about φ L5-20mm) of steel tube, plastic tube or paper shell tube is placed on the smooth plastic (or glass) plate, and the sample is placed in the tube to be ground face downwards into the filler, which can be solidified and hardened for a period of time. 3) Chamfering On the premise of not affecting the purpose of observation, the edges and corners on the sample should be ground off to avoid scratching the sandpaper and polishing fabric.
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