The performance of the workpiece material is important for the choice of cutting fluid. The material to be processed can be divided into different grades according to the difficulty of its machinability, which serves as the basis for selecting the cutting fluid. The machinability index of copper under fixed conditions was set to 100, and the other materials were cut under the same conditions, and the resulting tool was arranged in relative durability.
Ordinary machinable steel, including non-alloy steel, low-alloy steel and its hardened steel (15,35,15CrMn), free-cutting steel (Y12,Y12Mn), construction steel (35,60), the cutting factor is 80;
Harder to cut steel, including high alloy steel and its hardened steel (20CrMo, 42CrMo), high chromium alloy steel (1Cr17, 4Cr13), high chromium nickel alloy steel (12CrNi2), corrosion and acid resistant chromium nickel steel (0Cr18Ni9, 1Cr18Mo10Nb), ​​casting Steel, with a cutting factor of 50; difficult-to-cut steels, including nickel and nickel alloys (Ni10Cr10, Ni18Cr20), manganese and nickel silicon steels (40CrMn2, 60Si2Mn), chrome molybdenum steel (20CrMo), silicon steel (38Si2Mn), titanium and titanium alloys, The cutting factor is 25; gray cast iron and malleable castings (HT250, KTZ450-06), the cutting factor is 60-110; non-ferrous metals, copper and copper alloys (ZCu Sn10Pbl), the cutting factor is 100-600; light metal, Aluminum and magnesium alloys (LF5, LF10, LDI) with a cutting factor of 300-2000. The smaller the cutting index, the harder it is to process the material. When selecting the cutting fluid, the cutting fluid containing the anti-wear extreme pressure additive should be selected for the material that is difficult to process. For the easy-to-machine material, pure mineral oil or other cutting fluid without extreme pressure additive can be used.
Machining is a complicated process. Although cutting a material, when the cutting speed changes or the geometry of the cutting workpiece changes, the effect of the cutting fluid is completely different. Therefore, when selecting the cutting fluid, the machining process and the workpiece are combined. The characteristics are to be considered comprehensively.
The choice of cutting fluid should be based on
What kind of cutting fluid is required in a certain processing step is mainly considered in the following aspects. Improve material cutting performance: such as reducing cutting force and friction, inhibiting the growth of built-up edge and scales to reduce surface roughness of workpiece machining, improve machining dimensional accuracy; reduce cutting temperature and extend tool durability. Improve operating performance: such as cooling the workpiece, making it easy to load and unload, washing away chips, avoiding filter or pipe blockage; reducing smoke, splashes, air bubbles, no special odor, making the working environment comply with sanitary safety regulations; not causing machine tools and workpieces Rusting, does not damage the machine tool paint; it is not easy to deteriorate, easy to manage, easy to handle the used waste liquid, does not cause skin allergies, and is harmless to the human body. Economic benefits and cost considerations: including the cost of purchasing cutting fluid, supplementary expenses, management costs, and improving efficiency and saving costs. Regulations and decrees: such as labor safety and health regulations, fire protection laws, sewage discharge regulations, etc.
According to the processing method, the workpiece requirements to achieve accuracy, the cutting fluid characteristics determine whether the cutting fluid type is water-based or oil-based cutting fluid. For example, if it is necessary to emphasize fire safety during processing, water-based cutting fluid should be considered, and the problem of waste cutting fluid discharge should also be considered. Enterprises should have facilities for waste disposal and take corresponding measures. For the grinding process, the cutting speed and the cutting zone temperature are high, generally only the water-based cutting fluid is used; for the machining using the cemented carbide tool, the oil-based cutting fluid is generally considered. The type of cutting fluid specified in the machine manual shall not be easily changed without any special reason when using the machine tool, so as not to affect the performance of the machine tool. After weighing these conditions, you can determine whether to choose oil-based or water-based cutting fluid. After determining the type of cutting fluid, the second step can be selected according to the processing method, the required accuracy of the workpiece, the surface roughness, the material to be processed, and the like, and the characteristics of the cutting fluid such as lubricity and cooling. Then, according to the specified items, the selected cutting fluid can be identified to meet the expected requirements. If there are still problems, feedback back, find out the cause of the problem, and improve it, and finally make a clear selection conclusion.
Which defoamers can be used in metalworking fluids?
In aqueous metalworking fluids, foaming is often caused by the use of epoxidized emulsifiers and other surfactants. Generally, there are three types of defoamers added to metalworking fluids:
Organic oil defoamer
Silicone oil defoamer
Organic modified silicone defoamer
Organic oil defoamers are known for their high compatibility with the corresponding organic particles in the defoaming and dispersion systems. However, due to their high surface tension, these products are only moderately efficient. In contrast, silicone antifoams have a low surface energy and are therefore highly efficient, but have the disadvantage of being incompatible with the organics in the polymer dispersion. Defoamers based on organically modified siloxanes have special advantages due to their organic structural units, on the one hand, much higher compatibility with organic polymers than silicone oils, and on the other hand due to their silicon oxides. The alkane backbone makes the defoaming efficiency very high.
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