According to a report from the World Science and Technology News and Information Network in November, scientists from the University of Duluth, Minnesota, USA, have developed a type of artificial coal that is made by mixing wood scrap with agricultural waste to replace fossil energy and become renewable. energy.
As a derivative of hydrocarbons, fossil energy is deposited from fossils of ancient organisms and is a primary energy source. It is prone to toxic and harmful gases when combustion is incomplete. In search of alternative sources of renewable energy, scientists at the Renewable Energy Laboratory at Duluth University invented "instant" coal. It can not only maintain the high-efficiency function of natural coal, but also has no adverse side effects such as environmental pollution, and it also avoids the destruction of topography and landform by mining machinery.
The laboratory compared the new biofuel energy data with coal from the Powder River Basin coalfields in Montana and Wyoming and found that each pound of coal produced approximately 8,000 to 9,500 British thermal units per pound of artificial coal. Can produce 10,000 BTUs. If man-made coal is slightly deformed at the time of manufacture and processed into an “energy mud†form, the energy supply efficiency can be further improved.
The production of energy slurry requires the addition of a process that uses an alternative system like a pressure cooker. This is called hydrothermal carbonization and it replaces the drying stage of the original process.
According to the researchers, the process for producing artificial coal is similar to coffee roasting. First, industrial and agricultural wastes need to be dried, then heated to 249°C in a low-oxygen environment, and finally subjected to high-pressure compression. In order to produce energy slurry, the researchers developed a production process called "hydrothermal carbonization" that can replace the drying process in the original scheme with an alternative system like a pressure cooker, allowing carbonized lignin to be precipitated directly from the waste black liquor without passing through it. Mechanical dehydration.
Artificial coal has non-absorbent characteristics and is easier to transport than natural coal.
Researchers also said that if you want to learn how to make fossil coal from nature, you must pay attention to three conditions: time, pressure, and heat. The coal, which originally took millions of years to form, was placed in the laboratory's artificial environment and could be completed within a few hours. The pure production conditions ensure that the product will not be mixed with other minerals during production, so artificial coal also has no pollution.
Up to now, the Renewable Energy Laboratory has been able to produce 4 to 6 tons of man-made coal per day. In the future, more research is needed to determine the potential impact of new fuels.
Foreign media believes that if man-made coal replaces fossil fuels, it will significantly reduce carbon dioxide, mercury, and sulfur emissions from coal-fired power plants and other places, reduce coal mining, provide direct steam locomotives with kinetic energy, and encourage more in the industrial sector. Focus on steel production or other more valuable products.
The production process of man-made coal has good potential for commercial development. It can reduce the reliance on fossil fuels and at the same time reuse the waste of trees and other plants. It is an advanced method of handling waste. At present, the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere has reached the highest value since 3 million years. In response to the greenhouse effect, new energy technologies such as man-made coal will be more welcomed in the future.
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