The damage to the communication system caused by lightning protection devices and other strong interferences and the resulting consequences are serious, and lightning protection will become necessary. Lightning consists of high-energy low-frequency components and highly permeable high-frequency components. There are two main forms, one is to directly conduct lightning damage equipment through metal pipelines or ground wires; the other is lightning impulse electromagnetic pulses of lightning passages and discharge passages, which sense the metal pipelines or ground lines by various coupling methods to generate waves. Damage to equipment. Most of the damage caused by this induction. For electronic information equipment, the hazard mainly comes from the lightning coupled electromagnetic pulse electromagnetic energy, through the following three channels generated by the transient surge. Metal pipelines, such as water pipes, power lines, antenna feeders, signal lines, aviation obstruction lamp leads and other surges; ground channel, ground power counterattack; space channel, electromagnetic group radiation energy.
1. Equilibrium means to keep the system components from generating potential differences that are detrimental enough. That is, the potential of all metal conductors in the system environment and the system itself remains substantially equal during transients. This is essentially based on equal-voltage equipotential bonding. A potential compensation system is formed by a reliable grounding system, metal wires for equipotential bonding, and equipotential bonding. This transient compensation system can rapidly locate the protected system in the presence of transients. An equipotential is established between all the conductive parts and these conductive parts also include active wires. Through this complete potential compensation system, an equipotential region can be formed in a very short time. This region may have a potential difference of tens of kilovolts with respect to the distant region. It is important that there is no significant potential difference between all conductive parts within the area where the system to be protected is located.
2. Drainage is the discharge of lightning and lightning electromagnetic pulse energy through the earth, and should comply with the principle of hierarchy, that is, as much as possible, as far as possible to excess energy into the communications system before the release into the ground; hierarchy is Lightning energy is weakened according to the level of lightning protection established. The lightning protection zone is also called electromagnetic compatibility zone. It divides the environment into several areas according to the intensity of feelings of lightning, lightning and electromagnetic pulses according to people, objects, and information systems. In the LPZOA area, all objects in the area may be directly struck by lightning. Therefore, all the special objects may lead away all the lightning currents, and the electromagnetic field in the area does not decay. In the LPZOB area, objects in the area could not be directly struck by lightning, but the electromagnetic field in the area did not decay. In LPZ1 area, objects in this area cannot be directly struck by lightning, and the current flowing to each conductor is further reduced than in LPZOB area. The electromagnetic field attenuation and effect depend on the overall shielding measures. Subsequent lightning protection zones shall be introduced into the subsequent lightning protection zone if further reduction of the induced current and electromagnetic field is required. The requirements of the lightning protection zone shall be selected and continued according to the environmental zone required by the system to be protected. The higher the protection zone number, the lower the expected interference energy and interference voltage. In modern lightning protection technology, the installation of lightning protection zones is of great significance. It can guide us in the implementation of technical measures such as shielding, grounding, and other power connections.
3. The lightning protection system consists of three parts. Each part has its own important role and no alternative exists. The external protection consists of a lightning arrester, a down conductor, and a grounding body. It can direct most of the lightning energy into the underground discharge. Transition protection, consisting of reasonable shielding, grounding, and routing, can reduce or block the induction introduced through each intrusion channel. Internal protection consists of voltage equalization and overvoltage protection to balance the system potential and limit the overvoltage amplitude.
1. Equilibrium means to keep the system components from generating potential differences that are detrimental enough. That is, the potential of all metal conductors in the system environment and the system itself remains substantially equal during transients. This is essentially based on equal-voltage equipotential bonding. A potential compensation system is formed by a reliable grounding system, metal wires for equipotential bonding, and equipotential bonding. This transient compensation system can rapidly locate the protected system in the presence of transients. An equipotential is established between all the conductive parts and these conductive parts also include active wires. Through this complete potential compensation system, an equipotential region can be formed in a very short time. This region may have a potential difference of tens of kilovolts with respect to the distant region. It is important that there is no significant potential difference between all conductive parts within the area where the system to be protected is located.
2. Drainage is the discharge of lightning and lightning electromagnetic pulse energy through the earth, and should comply with the principle of hierarchy, that is, as much as possible, as far as possible to excess energy into the communications system before the release into the ground; hierarchy is Lightning energy is weakened according to the level of lightning protection established. The lightning protection zone is also called electromagnetic compatibility zone. It divides the environment into several areas according to the intensity of feelings of lightning, lightning and electromagnetic pulses according to people, objects, and information systems. In the LPZOA area, all objects in the area may be directly struck by lightning. Therefore, all the special objects may lead away all the lightning currents, and the electromagnetic field in the area does not decay. In the LPZOB area, objects in the area could not be directly struck by lightning, but the electromagnetic field in the area did not decay. In LPZ1 area, objects in this area cannot be directly struck by lightning, and the current flowing to each conductor is further reduced than in LPZOB area. The electromagnetic field attenuation and effect depend on the overall shielding measures. Subsequent lightning protection zones shall be introduced into the subsequent lightning protection zone if further reduction of the induced current and electromagnetic field is required. The requirements of the lightning protection zone shall be selected and continued according to the environmental zone required by the system to be protected. The higher the protection zone number, the lower the expected interference energy and interference voltage. In modern lightning protection technology, the installation of lightning protection zones is of great significance. It can guide us in the implementation of technical measures such as shielding, grounding, and other power connections.
3. The lightning protection system consists of three parts. Each part has its own important role and no alternative exists. The external protection consists of a lightning arrester, a down conductor, and a grounding body. It can direct most of the lightning energy into the underground discharge. Transition protection, consisting of reasonable shielding, grounding, and routing, can reduce or block the induction introduced through each intrusion channel. Internal protection consists of voltage equalization and overvoltage protection to balance the system potential and limit the overvoltage amplitude.
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