Waterproofing is a hidden project. Although it seems to have a small amount of work, it is very difficult to solve it if there are problems in daily use. It will be very troublesome because it will involve the removal of floor tiles, sanitary ware, and the remodeling of pipelines.
Due to the long construction period of the waterproof maintenance and the low charge, it is easy to have power and responsibility disputes. Therefore, many brands of home improvement companies are not willing to undertake this partial maintenance project. Therefore, in order to avoid the inconvenience of waterproof maintenance in the later period, consumers should take waterproofing seriously as a top priority during the renovation.
Material confusion, construction is not professional
Causes frequent leaks
“In the home furnishing industry, the general warranty period is 2 years, but the country has specifically stipulated that the waterway leakage problem has a warranty period of 5 years, which indicates the importance of the waterway project,†said Huang Xiangling, director of engineering at Yuanzhou Decoration.
At present, there are two main reasons for the frequent occurrence of water leakage problems. On the one hand, the waterproof materials sold on the market are mixed, and the relevant management regulations and market constraints are very lacking. Huang Xiangling said: “Now there are hundreds of kinds of domestic and foreign waterproof materials for all varieties, and it is difficult for even experts to understand all of them. Consumers are even more unclear. The relevant departments do not have strict rules on what is allowed to sell and what is not allowed to sell. Therefore, this has caused a lot of difficulties for consumers' choices."
On the other hand, from the perspective of construction qualification, waterproofing should be a specialized type of work and requires professional personnel to design and construct it. However, the current market status is not the case. Because of the small size of the project, large companies are reluctant to do it, while the guerrillas The construction is very unprofessional, and it is easy to leave all kinds of hidden dangers. Therefore, the leakage problems that consumers reflect are common.
Out of my mistakes
Professional design and construction can prevent leakage
All along, some developers have had unreasonable design of the large structure of the house, especially the design of the waterway. This has caused many owners to arbitrarily change the pipeline during the renovation, thus laying a hidden danger for future leakage. Therefore, it is very necessary for professional personnel to carry out professional design and construction.
Huang Xiangling told reporters that there are some changes that are undesirable, such as the long-distance movement of water supply pipelines, because the longer the pipeline, the greater the probability of failure, and the unprofessional construction of workers, the future of water leakage is very easy to happen. In addition, the practice of randomly changing the position of the toilet is also unscientific. The scientific movement distance of toilets is actually very limited, only about 20 centimeters, but because many owners and workers do not understand these professional knowledge, they think that it is sufficient to connect the pipelines, which has laid a semblance for future leakage problems.
In the choice of pipe diameter, many owners also have misunderstandings. They think that the thicker the pipeline is, the more fluent the water will be. In fact, it is not—in the unit of time, the amount of water flowing through the pipeline is constant, after the pipeline is thickened. The pressure of the water will become smaller, the flow rate of the water will be slower, and the dirt will not be washed easily. Over time, it can easily cause blockage of the pipeline.
Nowadays there are many pipeline materials, PP-R, PP-S and so on. Many owners and workers do not know that these pipelines made of different chemical materials can't be “compatibleâ€. Even after the hot-melting, two sections of different materials are squeezed together with an external force, and after solidification, there is still a gap between them, causing water seepage.
When paving bathroom wall tiles and floor tiles, many consumers feel that the order of paving is not important. There is actually a lot of articles in this area - you should first spread the wall tiles, and leave the last row of places near the ground. Paving, when the waterproof and floor tiles are fully paved and topped to the wall, the rest of the wall tiles are laid out so that there is no gap in the corners.
Reduce hidden dangers
Consumers need to improve their own supervision capabilities
Although the professional construction staff can save a lot of time and energy for consumers, but in the absence of professional construction staff, many consumers chose to please the "guerrilla" for decoration. In order to avoid irregularities in the construction of "guerrilla teams" as much as possible and reduce the potential for leakage, it is necessary for consumers to understand some professional knowledge and supervise the construction process.
According to Li Lu, a designer of Boloni Lifestyle Design and Sales Department, first of all, consumers must pay attention to the quality of the waterproof materials used by construction workers and whether the environmental protection coefficient is up to the standard. Consumers can also go to large-scale building materials supermarkets to buy some waterproof materials with relatively high prices, and do not allow workers to purchase them separately to avoid the low price and poor quality of the waterproof materials they purchase.
Second, consumers should supervise the construction steps and details of the decoration workers. For example, if the location of the water pipe is changed during construction, the waterproof layer will be damaged. Therefore, once the pipe has to be grooved in the wall to modify the pipe, waterproof material shall be carefully painted on the inner wall of the tank to prevent condensation water from seeping out of the wall in the future. The inside corner of the bathroom is also very easy to leak water. Whether it is rigid waterproof or flexible waterproof, the internal corner of the toilet shall be treated with one or two layers of non-woven fabrics to prevent cracking and leakage of the waterproof layer. In addition, the connection of the pipeline is also the place where the leakage problem frequently occurs. During the construction, the pipe joints can be installed with light bricks to stand the riser, and the non-woven fabrics should also be laid at the inner corners of the risers.
During the construction, ground pipes shall be avoided as much as possible because the ground pipe is fixed with a fixed card and it is easy to damage the waterproof layer. Therefore, it is very unsafe. Once it leaks, it will seep downstairs. If you have to walk the pipe from the ground, you need to do waterproof twice - do a waterproof before the ground pipe, do it again after the cement mortar is wiped. At present, the general decoration adopts the method of pipe walking on the top. Although the number of meters on the top pipe is 10% to 15% higher than that on the floor pipe, it uses the method of laying the pipe. Once a problem occurs, the problem can be solved. Removing the ceiling of the aluminum buckle plate and maintaining the pipeline is convenient. If the ceiling is made of water-resistant gypsum board, it will not be easy to dismantle, and it needs to be completely removed during maintenance.
Consumers should also supervise workers to avoid striking the wall as much as possible. For some towel bars and other hardware, the thickness of drilling on the wall can not exceed 2 cm, otherwise it will easily damage the waterproof layer of the wall.
Although the waterproofing project will eventually do a 24-hour or 48-hour water-retaining experiment, the effect of the water-blocking experiment is short-term. Li Yu stated that consumers should still supervise the construction of waterproofing steps and quality during the construction process. In order to avoid unnecessary trouble in the future.
Selection of waterproof material
Do not be too careful
With professional design, construction and consumer supervision is not enough, qualified waterproof material also plays a key role in the quality of waterproof quality.
Although there are hundreds of water-repellent products on the market today, there are only three categories: first, modified asphalt, which is mainly used outdoors, such as roof waterproofing; followed by polyurethane, which is cold Coating is now a relatively common process; there are also polyesters.
Now, waterproofing is changing from rigid waterproofing to flexible waterproofing. According to Li Wei, rigid waterproofing is large in thickness and high in hardness, so it is not easily worn. However, it has high quality requirements for the house itself. If the house is of general quality, it is prone to deformation. So rigid waterproof is easy to crack. Therefore, in the case of rigid waterproofing, it is necessary to lay a non-woven fabric in a soft place where the vertical wall meets the ground (female corners). Flexible waterproofing is most often used in home-installed projects. It is relatively thin and has good tension, but it is easy to scratch. If the quality of the products used is poor, the waterproof layer can easily be torn when the tiles are drilled. This can result in potential leaks.
Modified bitumen and polyurethane are both rigid and waterproof. Although they have good water resistance, they are brittle and easily cracked. Polyester belongs to flexible waterproof material, it is the most effective for the treatment of the pipe root, in addition, its resistance to vibration and anti-aging performance is very good.
In addition, the choice of cement mortar can not be ignored. The current cement has both waterproof and non-waterproof properties. Huang Xiangling recommends that consumers choose the best waterproof cement, although the price is more expensive, but its excellent performance can reduce the occurrence of leakage.
"Buying materials does not only depend on the price, but also whether it is symptomatic," said Huang Xiangling. For example, if you want to solve the problem of water leakage from the roots, you must choose a material that is inflated. The volume of the material after it encounters water It will expand more than 1,000 times, so as to achieve the purpose of plugging. Some workers did not have professional knowledge and used cement to plug the owners. The result did not work at all.
In the selection of bathroom tiles, it is necessary to choose a product with low water absorption. It is reasonable that the tile's water absorption is maintained at between 2% and 7%. Consumers can rely on the sound to distinguish between ceramic tile and ceramic tile: Ceramic tile has high water absorption and sounds dull after tapping. High-quality tiles will sound crisp. In addition, one third of the ceramic tile can also be soaked in a half-basin water and taken out after 5 minutes to see the color of the back and front. If the soaked area is the same color as the unsoaked area, it indicates the water absorption rate. low.
Source control, drainage jams
Reduce leakage by "water management"
"The bathroom's waterproof should be potted to be effective, but now the waterproof layer is made like a rake - there is an opening in the door's position," Huang Xiangling introduced his theory to reporters. Many consumers disapprove of this and think that water will leak through the pipe to the inside of the pipe, so the funnel-shaped waterproof is not a big problem. However, the opening of the floor drain is on the ground. It can only allow the water on the surface of the tile to drain away. In fact, there is no way to enter the pipeline for water leaking into the structure of the building. Once the water that cannot be drained through the pipes has accumulated to a certain amount, it may spread to other rooms through the gap in the entrance.
In order to reduce the amount of water that penetrates into the structure of a building, besides selecting ceramic tile and wall tiles for the bathroom, you should select tiles with low water absorption, and pay attention to the treatment of brick seams. Fill the coating with a grout, so that the tile can form the first waterproof layer. In addition, the bathroom floor should have a certain angle of inclination, and the lowest point of the room should be a floor drain, allowing water to flow into the pipeline as much as possible through the floor drain.
“The underground structure of the toilet can actually allow a certain amount of water storage, but this is very limited. To manage the water, we must let the water follow our design route and go where it should go,†Huang Xiangling said. Local management of water is also a means worthy of consumers. For example, showers and shower curtains can prevent water from being sprayed everywhere in the bathroom; choosing a slightly wider wash basin can also prevent splashes. The scientific control of water from the source will reduce the occurrence of water leakage.
In addition, water drainage and plugging are also necessary. To achieve this, it is very important to adopt a scientific and standardized construction method. For example, the waterproof of the corners and the roots of the pipes should not be made flat, but must be made in an arc (as shown at A in Figure 1). When the pipeline passes through the floor, it will never be very tight and there will inevitably be gaps. Therefore, these gaps must be closed with a high waterproof layer. In addition, the details such as the gap between the floor drain and the tile, the connection between the floor drain and the pipe, the flange of the toilet (a soft connection between the toilet and the pipeline) must be handled.
Due to the long construction period of the waterproof maintenance and the low charge, it is easy to have power and responsibility disputes. Therefore, many brands of home improvement companies are not willing to undertake this partial maintenance project. Therefore, in order to avoid the inconvenience of waterproof maintenance in the later period, consumers should take waterproofing seriously as a top priority during the renovation.
Material confusion, construction is not professional
Causes frequent leaks
“In the home furnishing industry, the general warranty period is 2 years, but the country has specifically stipulated that the waterway leakage problem has a warranty period of 5 years, which indicates the importance of the waterway project,†said Huang Xiangling, director of engineering at Yuanzhou Decoration.
At present, there are two main reasons for the frequent occurrence of water leakage problems. On the one hand, the waterproof materials sold on the market are mixed, and the relevant management regulations and market constraints are very lacking. Huang Xiangling said: “Now there are hundreds of kinds of domestic and foreign waterproof materials for all varieties, and it is difficult for even experts to understand all of them. Consumers are even more unclear. The relevant departments do not have strict rules on what is allowed to sell and what is not allowed to sell. Therefore, this has caused a lot of difficulties for consumers' choices."
On the other hand, from the perspective of construction qualification, waterproofing should be a specialized type of work and requires professional personnel to design and construct it. However, the current market status is not the case. Because of the small size of the project, large companies are reluctant to do it, while the guerrillas The construction is very unprofessional, and it is easy to leave all kinds of hidden dangers. Therefore, the leakage problems that consumers reflect are common.
Out of my mistakes
Professional design and construction can prevent leakage
All along, some developers have had unreasonable design of the large structure of the house, especially the design of the waterway. This has caused many owners to arbitrarily change the pipeline during the renovation, thus laying a hidden danger for future leakage. Therefore, it is very necessary for professional personnel to carry out professional design and construction.
Huang Xiangling told reporters that there are some changes that are undesirable, such as the long-distance movement of water supply pipelines, because the longer the pipeline, the greater the probability of failure, and the unprofessional construction of workers, the future of water leakage is very easy to happen. In addition, the practice of randomly changing the position of the toilet is also unscientific. The scientific movement distance of toilets is actually very limited, only about 20 centimeters, but because many owners and workers do not understand these professional knowledge, they think that it is sufficient to connect the pipelines, which has laid a semblance for future leakage problems.
In the choice of pipe diameter, many owners also have misunderstandings. They think that the thicker the pipeline is, the more fluent the water will be. In fact, it is not—in the unit of time, the amount of water flowing through the pipeline is constant, after the pipeline is thickened. The pressure of the water will become smaller, the flow rate of the water will be slower, and the dirt will not be washed easily. Over time, it can easily cause blockage of the pipeline.
Nowadays there are many pipeline materials, PP-R, PP-S and so on. Many owners and workers do not know that these pipelines made of different chemical materials can't be “compatibleâ€. Even after the hot-melting, two sections of different materials are squeezed together with an external force, and after solidification, there is still a gap between them, causing water seepage.
When paving bathroom wall tiles and floor tiles, many consumers feel that the order of paving is not important. There is actually a lot of articles in this area - you should first spread the wall tiles, and leave the last row of places near the ground. Paving, when the waterproof and floor tiles are fully paved and topped to the wall, the rest of the wall tiles are laid out so that there is no gap in the corners.
Reduce hidden dangers
Consumers need to improve their own supervision capabilities
Although the professional construction staff can save a lot of time and energy for consumers, but in the absence of professional construction staff, many consumers chose to please the "guerrilla" for decoration. In order to avoid irregularities in the construction of "guerrilla teams" as much as possible and reduce the potential for leakage, it is necessary for consumers to understand some professional knowledge and supervise the construction process.
According to Li Lu, a designer of Boloni Lifestyle Design and Sales Department, first of all, consumers must pay attention to the quality of the waterproof materials used by construction workers and whether the environmental protection coefficient is up to the standard. Consumers can also go to large-scale building materials supermarkets to buy some waterproof materials with relatively high prices, and do not allow workers to purchase them separately to avoid the low price and poor quality of the waterproof materials they purchase.
Second, consumers should supervise the construction steps and details of the decoration workers. For example, if the location of the water pipe is changed during construction, the waterproof layer will be damaged. Therefore, once the pipe has to be grooved in the wall to modify the pipe, waterproof material shall be carefully painted on the inner wall of the tank to prevent condensation water from seeping out of the wall in the future. The inside corner of the bathroom is also very easy to leak water. Whether it is rigid waterproof or flexible waterproof, the internal corner of the toilet shall be treated with one or two layers of non-woven fabrics to prevent cracking and leakage of the waterproof layer. In addition, the connection of the pipeline is also the place where the leakage problem frequently occurs. During the construction, the pipe joints can be installed with light bricks to stand the riser, and the non-woven fabrics should also be laid at the inner corners of the risers.
During the construction, ground pipes shall be avoided as much as possible because the ground pipe is fixed with a fixed card and it is easy to damage the waterproof layer. Therefore, it is very unsafe. Once it leaks, it will seep downstairs. If you have to walk the pipe from the ground, you need to do waterproof twice - do a waterproof before the ground pipe, do it again after the cement mortar is wiped. At present, the general decoration adopts the method of pipe walking on the top. Although the number of meters on the top pipe is 10% to 15% higher than that on the floor pipe, it uses the method of laying the pipe. Once a problem occurs, the problem can be solved. Removing the ceiling of the aluminum buckle plate and maintaining the pipeline is convenient. If the ceiling is made of water-resistant gypsum board, it will not be easy to dismantle, and it needs to be completely removed during maintenance.
Consumers should also supervise workers to avoid striking the wall as much as possible. For some towel bars and other hardware, the thickness of drilling on the wall can not exceed 2 cm, otherwise it will easily damage the waterproof layer of the wall.
Although the waterproofing project will eventually do a 24-hour or 48-hour water-retaining experiment, the effect of the water-blocking experiment is short-term. Li Yu stated that consumers should still supervise the construction of waterproofing steps and quality during the construction process. In order to avoid unnecessary trouble in the future.
Selection of waterproof material
Do not be too careful
With professional design, construction and consumer supervision is not enough, qualified waterproof material also plays a key role in the quality of waterproof quality.
Although there are hundreds of water-repellent products on the market today, there are only three categories: first, modified asphalt, which is mainly used outdoors, such as roof waterproofing; followed by polyurethane, which is cold Coating is now a relatively common process; there are also polyesters.
Now, waterproofing is changing from rigid waterproofing to flexible waterproofing. According to Li Wei, rigid waterproofing is large in thickness and high in hardness, so it is not easily worn. However, it has high quality requirements for the house itself. If the house is of general quality, it is prone to deformation. So rigid waterproof is easy to crack. Therefore, in the case of rigid waterproofing, it is necessary to lay a non-woven fabric in a soft place where the vertical wall meets the ground (female corners). Flexible waterproofing is most often used in home-installed projects. It is relatively thin and has good tension, but it is easy to scratch. If the quality of the products used is poor, the waterproof layer can easily be torn when the tiles are drilled. This can result in potential leaks.
Modified bitumen and polyurethane are both rigid and waterproof. Although they have good water resistance, they are brittle and easily cracked. Polyester belongs to flexible waterproof material, it is the most effective for the treatment of the pipe root, in addition, its resistance to vibration and anti-aging performance is very good.
In addition, the choice of cement mortar can not be ignored. The current cement has both waterproof and non-waterproof properties. Huang Xiangling recommends that consumers choose the best waterproof cement, although the price is more expensive, but its excellent performance can reduce the occurrence of leakage.
"Buying materials does not only depend on the price, but also whether it is symptomatic," said Huang Xiangling. For example, if you want to solve the problem of water leakage from the roots, you must choose a material that is inflated. The volume of the material after it encounters water It will expand more than 1,000 times, so as to achieve the purpose of plugging. Some workers did not have professional knowledge and used cement to plug the owners. The result did not work at all.
In the selection of bathroom tiles, it is necessary to choose a product with low water absorption. It is reasonable that the tile's water absorption is maintained at between 2% and 7%. Consumers can rely on the sound to distinguish between ceramic tile and ceramic tile: Ceramic tile has high water absorption and sounds dull after tapping. High-quality tiles will sound crisp. In addition, one third of the ceramic tile can also be soaked in a half-basin water and taken out after 5 minutes to see the color of the back and front. If the soaked area is the same color as the unsoaked area, it indicates the water absorption rate. low.
Source control, drainage jams
Reduce leakage by "water management"
"The bathroom's waterproof should be potted to be effective, but now the waterproof layer is made like a rake - there is an opening in the door's position," Huang Xiangling introduced his theory to reporters. Many consumers disapprove of this and think that water will leak through the pipe to the inside of the pipe, so the funnel-shaped waterproof is not a big problem. However, the opening of the floor drain is on the ground. It can only allow the water on the surface of the tile to drain away. In fact, there is no way to enter the pipeline for water leaking into the structure of the building. Once the water that cannot be drained through the pipes has accumulated to a certain amount, it may spread to other rooms through the gap in the entrance.
In order to reduce the amount of water that penetrates into the structure of a building, besides selecting ceramic tile and wall tiles for the bathroom, you should select tiles with low water absorption, and pay attention to the treatment of brick seams. Fill the coating with a grout, so that the tile can form the first waterproof layer. In addition, the bathroom floor should have a certain angle of inclination, and the lowest point of the room should be a floor drain, allowing water to flow into the pipeline as much as possible through the floor drain.
“The underground structure of the toilet can actually allow a certain amount of water storage, but this is very limited. To manage the water, we must let the water follow our design route and go where it should go,†Huang Xiangling said. Local management of water is also a means worthy of consumers. For example, showers and shower curtains can prevent water from being sprayed everywhere in the bathroom; choosing a slightly wider wash basin can also prevent splashes. The scientific control of water from the source will reduce the occurrence of water leakage.
In addition, water drainage and plugging are also necessary. To achieve this, it is very important to adopt a scientific and standardized construction method. For example, the waterproof of the corners and the roots of the pipes should not be made flat, but must be made in an arc (as shown at A in Figure 1). When the pipeline passes through the floor, it will never be very tight and there will inevitably be gaps. Therefore, these gaps must be closed with a high waterproof layer. In addition, the details such as the gap between the floor drain and the tile, the connection between the floor drain and the pipe, the flange of the toilet (a soft connection between the toilet and the pipeline) must be handled.
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