With the continuous improvement of consumption levels, people's dietary concepts are changing, and they have transitioned from "satisfaction" to "eat well", focusing on nutrition and health. Consumers are concerned about the safety and quality of food, so food safety awareness must be implemented in every aspect of food production. The safety of animal foods is first and foremost the safety of feed, while the core of feed safety is the safety of feed additives. The development of feed additives is changing with each passing day. This paper makes a summary of the research and application progress of various new feed additives.
The use of synthetic amino acids in livestock and poultry diets can not only significantly improve protein digestion and utilization (10% to 20%), increase dietary nitrogen use efficiency, and reduce dietary protein levels (2 to 4 percentage points). Significantly reduce the amount of nitrogen excretion in the feces (30% to 50%), save protein, reduce nitrogen pollution, and protect the environment.
In recent years, in addition to the large use of lysine and methionine in compound feed, the importance of threonine and tryptophan in the diet has been evident, causing animal nutritionists and enterprises to threonine and color. The importance of research and application of amino acids.
At present, the research on amino acid nutrition mainly includes the following aspects: 1 relationship between amino acid and peptide; 2 application technology of compound amino acid; 8 ideal model of animal demand for amino acid; 4 amino acid substitute; 5 application of high lysine corn Technology, etc.
1 threonine and tryptophan
NRC (1994) reported the requirement of threonine and tryptophan in broilers for 3-6 weeks, 0.74% and 0.18%, respectively. The results reported by researchers from different countries are not the same. The requirements for threonine and tryptophan in broilers from 0 to 3 weeks were 0.60% to 0.67% and 0.24% (Wu Miaozong, Cai Huiyi et al., 2003; Wang Hongmei, Liu Guohua et al., 2005), 3-6 The requirements for threonine and tryptophan in broiler chickens ranged from 0.61% to 0.64% and from 0.18% to 0.19% (Li Yanling, 2000). Tryptophan promotes feed intake significantly in piglet production, increasing tryptophan in diets based on the recommended standards for Chinese lean pigs (2004) and NRC (1998). The content of ADF1 and ADG can be increased in weaned piglets, but it can not significantly reduce F/G and reduce post-weaning diarrhea in piglets (Zhang Huawei, 2006). In addition, according to Margaret's 2005 data, tryptophan also has the effect of reducing stress response and improving meat quality.
In recent years, the global threonine market is growing at an average annual growth rate of about 20%, with Europe's consumption share exceeding 70%. Threonine is mainly used to feed adult piglets and poultry, and its demand is large. In the feed formulation, 2 parts of lysine is consumed for each 1 part of threonine added. Therefore, price cuts are also conducive to expanding the lysine market. Around this strategy, Ajinomoto is stepping up its expansion to produce threonine (Qian Bozhang, 2005). The threonine of the domestic Changchun Dacheng Group Company has also been mass-produced.
2 amino acid production technology
At present, the main performances in production technology are as follows:1. Constructing high-yield amino acid microbial engineering bacteria, changing the flow rate at the branch point of the metabolic pathway by recombinant DNA technology or introducing a new metabolic step and a new metabolic network to obtain a good amino acid production. Strains; 2 From a higher level of metabolic engineering to study how multiple key enzymes are subjected to feedback inhibition, using means including site-directed mutagenesis, insertional inactivation and computer molecular space conformation simulation to produce better strains; 3 further improve biochemical technology in amino acids Application in industry; 4 vigorously develop pharmaceutical intermediates: amino acids and their derivatives have gradually become pharmaceutical intermediates; unnatural amino acids are important raw materials for the synthesis of active drugs.
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