In the real physical process, as long as there is energy loss in doing work, this part of energy loss is caused by friction, especially in mechanical movement. But in a recent study, physicists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States and at Queen's University in the United Kingdom designed a zero-friction engine that uses the advantages of a quantum shortcut to do its work. Designing the engine with maximum efficiency at maximum power is an important goal in the engineering field. This study marks a great step toward this goal. Related papers were published in the recently published Nature Science Report.
Quantum fluctuations are insignificant at the macro level but become dominant at the micro level. The laws of thermodynamics successfully describe the concepts of work and heat in many systems, but to explain a large number of phenomena in the microscopic field, a new law of thermodynamics is needed. It is not known what the “quantum version†of thermodynamics looks like, nor does it describe the advantages that quantum devices may have. One issue that people are concerned about is whether it can establish a reversible quantum engine, that is, the operation of the engine is reversible. An "adiabatic" process without energy loss.
According to the report of the Physicist Organization Network on September 16, in the paper, the researchers proposed an example of the "super-adiabatic" quantum engine: the engine uses quantum shortcuts to achieve a state that can usually be achieved only during slow adiabatic processes. To achieve this state requires complete frictionlessness, that is, the engine reaches its maximum limit efficiency while producing some power.
"Quantum shortcuts allow us to 'mimic' what we are trying to achieve through a very slow quasi-static cycle, while still making changes in a limited time." co-author of the paper, Molo Petton, Queen's University, UK Trow said, "For example, a compression or expansion in a piston cycle, if the time is limited and the speed is not zero, friction may affect its change. But if a shortcut is used to insulate heat, it will eliminate the friction-like effect and complete this. The cycle is similar to a quasi-static motor."
"This research is the first step in the merger of quantum control and thermodynamics," said Petronostrow. "We have demonstrated that in the quantum engine cycle, by using short cuts to achieve thermal insulation, we can design a finite power and The thermodynamic cycle of zero-friction operation. In the past, only technical means used for other purposes could be used in thermodynamic tasks to design efficient cycles."
Petestro Luo believes that the real challenge is to use this technology for interacting quantum multi-body systems. Using this quantum control can “drive†the intricacies and richness of the quantum system itself, resulting in huge interest. (Chang Lijun)
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