How to rescue traumatic bleeding
Due to the bleeding caused by trauma, if the hemostasis and dressing is not timely, it will seriously threaten human health and even life.
Traumatic bleeding, according to the type of blood vessels divided into arterial bleeding, venous bleeding and capillary bleeding three.
According to the bleeding site is divided into:
1, external bleeding: bleeding caused by the body surface injury, blood flow from the wound.
2. Internal bleeding: internal bleeding caused by damage to organs and tissues in the body. Blood flows into the body cavity and is invisible on the outside. Such as liver rupture, chest injury caused by hemothorax.
3, subcutaneous bleeding: the skin is not broken, only in the subcutaneous soft tissue bleeding, such as contusion, ecchymosis.
Clinical manifestations of traumatic bleeding:
1. Arterial Hemorrhage: Due to the high pressure in the arteries, the hemorrhage is bubbling and pulsatile, especially with large arterial blood vessels. The blood is jetted and the color is bright red. It often causes a large amount of blood loss in a short time, easily causing life. Danger.
2, venous bleeding: bleeding slowly out of time, showing purple. If the venous hemorrhage is often affected by respiratory movements, the outflow during inhalation is slower and the outflow during exhalation is faster.
3, capillary bleeding: bleeding, the blood into the bead-like outflow, and more can automatically coagulation hemostasis.
Emergency treatment for traumatic bleeding
1, finger pressure hemostasis, in the top of the wound, that is, close to the heart, to find the beat of the blood vessels, pressing tightly with your fingers. This is an emergency temporary hemostasis method. At the same time, preparation materials should be used for other methods of hemostasis. Using this method, the ambulance person must be familiar with the point of compression of blood vessels in various parts.
2. Facial bleeding: Use the thumb to compress the facial artery between the mandibular angle and the sacral tubercle.
3, finger bleeding: with the contralateral fingers, hard to pinch the roots of injured fingers, you can stop the bleeding.
4, thigh bleeding: bend their thighs, so that muscles relaxed, with the thumb pressing on the pressure point of the femoral artery (in the thigh of the midpoint of the groin), forced back pressure, in order to enhance the pressure, the other hand's thumb can overlap pressure .
5, foot bleeding: in the lower side of the ankle joint, where the foot back beat, with your fingers tightly pressed.
6, pressure bandaging and hemostasis: with sterile gauze, cotton made into a soft pad on the wound, and then wrap it hard to increase the pressure to achieve the purpose of hemostasis. This method is widely used and has good results.
7. Forehead bleeding: The iliac artery above the mandibular joint is compressed.
8, after the head bleeding: pressing behind the ears behind the protrusion slightly outside the posterior ear artery.
9, armpit and shoulder bleeding: in the clavicle concave, sternocleidomastoid outer edge of the inner back, aligning the first rib, press the subclavian artery.
10. Forearm bleeding: In the medial canal of the biceps brachii, pressure is applied to press the radial artery against the sacrum.
11, palm and hand back bleeding: in the wrist joint, that is, we usually press the pulse of the place, according to the beat of the brachial artery blood pressure to live.
How to safely transfer patients
What kind of posture is better for emergency patients?
Which handling methods are used to transfer security? What problems should be noticed on the way? All these should be understood.
In general, for emergency patients, it is better to lie supine, so that the whole body stretches, straighten upper and lower limbs. According to different conditions, make some appropriate adjustments. Such as hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients, the head can be properly elevated, reduce the blood flow to the head, coma, the head can be biased to one side, so that vomit or sputum fluids flow out, do not inhale; For patients whose traumatic bleeding is in a state of shock, their heads may be appropriately lowered. As for patients with heart failure who have heart failure or dyspnea, they may take a seat to make the breathing more open.
When picking up the patient from the bed to the stretcher, the movements should be gently coordinated to minimize the patient's exertion and pain. For all kinds of trauma patients, attention should be paid to the protection of the injured site when moving, such as the fracture of the limb should be a special support, the back of the spine to keep their backs stable; head traumatic brain injury, there must be someone special Baotou to avoid shaking .
When carrying the stretcher up and down the stairs, you should try to maintain a horizontal position.
During the transfer, critically ill patients should pay close attention to their breathing, pulse clearing, and unobstructed airways. When the weather is cold, attention should be paid to the patient's thermal insulation, and the material can be taken on the spot. The patient's body can be covered with a towel, coat or quilt to make it rest quietly; if the clothes are wet, dry clothes should be replaced as soon as possible.
After arriving at the hospital, the patient's condition and treatment should be introduced for reference by the doctor.
It should be pointed out here that we should not use tractors to transport the sick and wounded. Because the tractor's noise is easy to cause cerebral cortex dysfunction, for tetanus, encephalitis, eclampsia and other patients can cause convulsions.
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