First, tomato gray mold
1. Symptoms Tomato flowers, fruits, leaves and stems can be affected. When the fruit is infected, the green fruit is seriously damaged. The residual stigma or petals are infested first, and then spread to the fruit or the stalk, resulting in a grayish-white peel and a thick gray mold layer, which is watery. The incidence of the leaves mostly starts from the tip of the leaf, and expands inward along the branch veins in a "V" shape. It is initially water-immersed, and is yellow-brown after unfolding, with striated lines at the edges. The boundaries between disease and health organizations are clear. When the stem is infected, it begins to appear as a water-soaked spot, and then expands into an oblong or strip-shaped lesion, light brown. When the humidity is high, the surface of the lesion has a gray mold layer, and in severe cases, the diseased part is dead.
2. Route of transmission and pathogenesis The disease is caused by the infection of Botrytis cinerea. When the temperature is 20 to 30 ° C and the relative humidity is 90% or more, it is a suitable condition for the occurrence of the disease. Protected areas are generally susceptible to disease from December to May. The germs are spread by airflow, irrigation water and farming operations. Zhanhua is the main artificial transmission route. The pathogens invade from dead tissues such as wounds and aging organs, and the flowering period is the peak of infection.
3. Control methods Ecological control. The protection ground is mainly to control the room temperature humidity. Generally, the wind is released in the morning, and the air is released at more than 30 °C. When it drops to 25 °C, the air continues to be released at noon. The temperature in the afternoon is maintained at 20-25 °C, and the air is stopped at 20 °C to keep the night temperature between 15 and 17 °C. Open the vents on a cloudy day.
Strengthen cultivation management, apply sufficient base fertilizer when planting, avoid watering in rainy days, drain water after watering, control watering after disease, remove diseased and diseased leaves in time and concentrate on treatment, remove diseased body after pulling, pay attention Farming operations are hygienic and prevent disease.
For drug control, focus on three key drugs: pre-transplantation, flowering and fruit expansion.
1 Spray the seedlings with 50% keering WP 1500-2000 times solution or 50% carbendazim or wet powder 500 times solution before transplanting.
2 stained with anther. After planting, combined with dip application, add 0.1% 50% chlorhexidine WP or 50% carbendazim WP or 0.2% to 0.3% in the diluted 2.4-D or anti-fallin dilution. 25% of the metalaxyl WP can be stained or applied. In recent years, the use of "Baoguoling No. 1" wettable powder has been effective, that is, 0.5 liter per gram of hot water is fully stirred, and the flowers are dried after cooling.
3 fruit medicine. Apply before or after the water is poured.
4 spray can choose 50% speed Keling wettable powder 2000 times liquid; 50% phlegm hyacinth 1500 times liquid; 60% anti-mildew ultra-fine powder 600 times liquid; 4% thiabendazole suspension 4000 times liquid 2% Wuyimycin water 150 times solution; 50% Nongli Ling WP 500 times solution.
5 smoke application can choose 10% speed Keling smoke agent or 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent, 250 grams per acre; 3% thiabendazole smoke agent, 250 grams per acre.
â‘¥ dust administration can choose 5% chlorothalonil dusts, one kilogram per acre, with the harvest type 5 or type 10 powder duster, every 7 to 10 days once, even applied 2 to 3 times.
Second, tomato late blight
1. Symptoms Seedlings and adult plants can be affected, which is harmful to leaves, stems and fruits, but the leaves and green fruits in the adult stage are seriously damaged.
Seedlings are susceptible to dark green water-soaked lesions, which develop from the leaves to the main stem, making the petioles and stems dark and brown and rotted, the whole plant is wilting, and the white mold layer is formed in the diseased part. The base of the young stem is ill, forming a water-stained contracture, and the seedlings are wilting or lodging. In the adult stage, the leaf disease is mostly caused by the lower leaves, forming a dark green water-immersed lesion with no obvious edge, which is brown after expansion. When the humidity is high, white mold occurs in the border area of ​​the leaf back disease. When dry, the diseased part is dry, brittle and easy to break. The stem lesions initially showed a black depression, which turned black and brown and rotted, which easily caused the leaves of the main stem to be wilted. The fruit is infected, the lesion is oily and dark green, and then becomes dark brown, slightly sunken, the diseased part is hard, and the edge is obviously cloud-like. When the humidity is high, white mold grows and it rots rapidly.
2. Route of transmission and pathogenesis The disease is caused by infection with Phytophthora infestans. Low temperature and humidity are the main conditions for the occurrence of the disease. The temperature is between 18 and 22 ° C, and the relative humidity is between 95% and 100%. When water droplets are present on the leaves, sporangia and zoospores germinate. Mycelium grows fastest at temperatures between 20 and 23 °C. Whether the onset and prevalence determine the presence of water droplets or water film. Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, insufficient base fertilizer, continuous rain, insufficient light, poor ventilation, excessive watering, and excessive density are all prone to the disease. Spread of infection by germs and then stream, irrigation water. The disease is disseminated repeatedly epidemic diseases.
3. Control methods Agricultural control.
Selection of resistant varieties, in vegetables such as No. 4, No. 5, Fung, Jiafen, the miscellaneous other varieties 4; and non-solanaceous crop rotation implement more than 3 years; strengthening fertilizer and water management, and to prevent flood irrigation watering sunny after protection watered timely ventilation, enough base fertilizer, the use of fertilizer; rational close planting, timely pruning, improve air and light conditions; the timely removal of diseased plants center.
Chemical control. Discovery Center diseased plants after spraying timely good effect.
1 spray application. Optional 40% Phytophthora WP 250 times solution, 58% metalaxyl Mn-Zn wettable powder 500 times solution, 64% anti-virus WP WP 500 times, 72% frost urea Zn (DuPont Klu) Wettable powder 800 times solution, 69% Anke manganese zinc wettable powder 1000 times solution.
2 dust application. 5% frost urea-manganese-zinc dust can be used per kilogram per acre, 5% chlorothalonil dust is 1 kilogram per acre, and it can be applied before the shed in the evening. 7 to 8 days, 3 to 4 times in a row.
3 smoke application. 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent can be selected 250g/mu, and the evening is applied to close the shed.
4 irrigation root application. 50% nail cream copper wettable powder 600 times liquid, 60% succinyl aluminum phosphate wettable powder 400 times liquid, about 300 grams per potting solution can be used.
Third, tomato leaf mold
1. Symptoms mainly damage the leaves, and in severe cases also damage the stems, fruits and flowers. When the leaves are damaged, unplanned or elliptical yellowish or pale green chlorotic spots appear on the back of the leaves, and the primary white mold layer turns into a taupe or dark brown velvet mold layer. The leaves are yellowish on the front and the edges are not obvious. In severe cases, the leaves are dry and curled and die. The lower leaves of the diseased plants first became ill and gradually spread to the upper leaves. In severe cases, the whole plant leaves can be curled. The fruit is infected and spreads from the pedicle to the periphery. The fruit surface forms black or irregular plaques and hardens the depression.
2. Route of transmission and pathogenesis The disease is caused by the infection of the fungus of the genus Cladosporium. The general temperature is 20~25°C, and the relative humidity is above 90%, which is beneficial to the infection and disease of the bacteria. High temperature and high humidity are beneficial to the onset, but humidity is an important factor affecting the onset. The germ spreads through the air and invades from the stomata of the leaf back.
3. Prevention methods Reasonable arrangements for rotation. Arrange for more than three years of rotation with melons or other vegetables to reduce the source of bacteria in the soil. Greenhouse disinfection. Before planting the seedlings, mix with 0.25 kg of sulfur powder and 0.50 kg of sawdust per 110 square meters, sterilize by igniting and suffocating overnight, then plant the seedlings after one day, or use 45% chlorothalonil Indoor and topsoil disinfection is carried out at a rate of 0.25 kg per 110 square meters for a day and night.
High temperature shack. Choose a sunny day at noon, take about 30 to 33 °C high temperature treatment for about two hours, and then timely ventilation and cooling, a better control of the disease.
Ecological control. Strengthen the temperature and humidity management in the shed, timely ventilation, proper control of watering, timely ventilation and dehumidification after watering, and control of irrigation after rainy days and after the onset. Reasonable close planting, timely pruning and snoring, in order to facilitate ventilation and light. Formulated and fertilized to avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer and appropriate increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
Chemical control.
1 spray application. After the initial diagnosis, the diseased leaves should be removed in time, and the liquid medicine should be sprayed for comprehensive prevention and control. 2% Bo-10 (wuyimycin) water 150 times solution, 60% anti-mildew ultra-fine powder 600 times night, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution, 70% methyl thiophanate WP 800-1000 times liquid, 40% Fuxing emulsifiable concentrate 6000-8000 times liquid,
47% garinong wettable powder 600 ~ 800 times liquid, etc., every 7 to 8 days, even spray 2 to 3 times.
2 dust application or smoke application. Spray dust or release aerosol in the evening. Commonly used are 5% Jiaruinong dust, 5% chlorothalonil dust, 7% foliar dust, 10% enemy dust, etc., 1 kg per mu, 7-8 days; 45% The bacteriostatic agent is 250 to 300 grams per acre.
Fourth, tomato early blight
1. Symptoms In the seedling stage, the base of the stem of the seedlings has dark brown lesions, and the hair is slightly sunken. At the beginning of the adult stage, the leaves are in the form of water-immersed dark green lesions. After expansion, they are round or irregularly shaped round spots. The edges are mostly light green or yellow halo. The middle part is concentric, and the lesions are on the wet. A black mold layer grows. The diseased leaves generally develop upward from the lower part of the plant, and the middle part falls off in severe cases. Stem lesions are mostly found at the branches and at the base of the petiole. They are brown to dark brown irregular round or elliptical lesions, depressions, sometimes cracked, and severe branches. Green fruit infection, beginning in the vicinity of the flower bud, initially oval or irregular brown or black spots, depression, late fruit cracking, the diseased part is hard, dense black mold layer.
2. Transmission route and disease conditions The disease is caused by the infection of Alternaria solani, and the bacteria overwinter on the diseased bodies and seeds. It spreads through airflow, irrigation water, and farming operations, and directly invades the disease from the pores and wound epidermis. The growth temperature of the pathogen is 26-28 °C, and the incidence is high under high temperature and high humidity conditions.
3. Prevention methods Agricultural control. Apply enough fully decomposed organic fertilizer, and fill the water with fertilizer. Choose resistant varieties, rotate for replacement, and reasonably close planting.
Ecological control. Adjust the temperature and humidity in the shed indoors, especially in the early stage of early spring tomato planting. The shed time should not be too long to prevent the humidity in the shed from being too high and the temperature to be too high.
Chemical control. Dust application, spraying 5% bacteria dust at the beginning of the disease, 1 kg per acre, once every 9 days, even spraying 3 to 4 times; smoke application, optional 45% chlorothalonil or 10 % speed keiling smoke agent, 200 ~ 250 grams per acre; spray application, you can choose 50% Nong Li Ling wet powder or 65% more fruit WP 1000 times solution, 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc Wet powder, 64% anti-virus M8 wettable powder 500 times solution.
V. Tomato virus disease
1. Symptoms There are three main types of tomato virus disease: Mosaic type: yellow-green interphase or deep and shallow mottled on the leaves, the veins are transparent, the leaves are slightly shrunken, the diseased plants are slightly shorter, the new leaves are small, the results are small, and the fruit surface Poor quality, more flowery.
Fern leaf type. All or part of the strip becomes strip-shaped from the upper blade, and the middle and lower blades are slightly wound upward. The petals are enlarged to form a "flower". Plants are dwarfed to varying degrees.
Stripe type. Mainly on the fruit and stem. The leaves showed brown spots or mosaics on the leaves, and the veins on the back were purple; the oily streaks of dark green to dark brown sag appeared on the stems, and the diseased stems were brittle and easy to break; the brown plaques of different shapes were formed on the fruits, but the discoloration part It is only in the surface layer and does not penetrate into the stem and the flesh. As the fruit develops, the diseased part is sunken and becomes a deformed stiff fruit.
2. Transmission route and disease conditions Generally, the disease is lighter in the early stage of tomato in the greenhouse. After entering May, the fern leaves and mosaics begin to increase; after the autumn extension, the tomato virus disease is more serious than the spring greenhouse, mainly fern leaves and streak virus. The temperature difference between day and night in the shed is small, the sowing date is early, and the seedling age is large, which can aggravate the virus disease. High temperature and drought, aphids are harmful, plant growth is weak, heavy sputum, etc., are easy to cause viral disease. The route of transmission is through contact and communication through friction, snoring, kidnapping, etc., and can also be transmitted through mites and machinery.
3. Prevention methods Agricultural control.
1 use resistant varieties. It is feasible to use Jiafen No.1, Sukang No.5, No.8, No.9, Xifen No.3 and Zaofeng in winter and spring.
After the autumn extension, you can use Qiangfeng, Zhongyou 4, 5, Mao powder 802, Jiafen 10, 15 and so on.
2 use disease-free seeds and seed treatment. Seeds should be selected from disease-free plants; seed treatment can be soaked in water for 4 hours before sowing, and then immersed in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, then removed and rinsed with water to germination.
3 Strengthen cultivation management. Reasonable rotation, timely removal of sick and septic strains after harvest, cultivation of disease-free and strong seedlings, attention to disinfection of hands and tools in field operations.
Control mites in time.
10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 ~ 2500 times liquid, 0.4% acaricidin water agent 200 ~ 400 times liquid.
Biological preparation control. In the case of tomato seedlings, planting, tying vines, snoring, spray 1% soapy water with 0.2% to 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 1:20-40 soy milk or soy milk powder to prevent contact infection. Spraying 100 times of NS-83 enhancer once before and after colonization can enhance tomato disease resistance and increase yield. At the same time, it can also be controlled by 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times liquid.
6. Tomato physiological diseases
(1) Tomato umbilical rot
1. Symptoms Green fruit is the most susceptible to disease. The lesion occurs in the umbilicus at the top of the fruit, that is, the residual part of the flower and its vicinity, so it is called umbilical rot. The early stage of the diseased department was water-soaked dark green, and the pulp tissue of the affected part collapsed and contracted to be significantly flat. The healthy part of the victim fruit turns red in advance. In wet conditions, the diseased department is often infected by saprophytic bacteria, producing dark green, black or pink mold on the lesions.
2. Incidence conditions The young fruit and immature green fruit of tomato are easy to develop, and the fruit generally does not develop after maturity.
After the rainy season, followed by drought, or too much irrigation in the early stage, no irrigation in the later stage, the plant suddenly suffered from severe drought. Tomato roots are poorly developed, or roots are injured, and water cannot be absorbed normally. It is also easy to induce umbilical rot. If the application of unfertilized organic fertilizer or excessive fertilization causes root burning, thereby affecting the normal absorption of water, the incidence is often serious. Sandy soil or heavy soil will cause excessive changes in soil moisture, soil alkalinity, affecting root water absorption capacity, and easy to onset.
3. Control methods Strengthen management to ensure uniform supply of water to plants, especially when the temperature rises sharply in early summer, it is necessary to pay attention to the supply of water. Field watering should be carried out in the morning or evening.
Choose a sandy loam soil with strong water and strong soil. If the soil is too sticky or contains too much sand, it should be combined with deep tillage to apply organic fertilizers, such as compost and green manure, to improve soil properties and enhance its ability to retain fertilizer.
Rational fertilization. Avoid using organic fertilizer that is not decomposed, or apply fertilizer at a high concentration to burn roots. Pay attention to the reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Within 30 days after the start of fruit setting of the tomato, appropriate application of calcium fertilizer, 1% superphosphate, 0.1% calcium chloride or 0.1% calcium nitrate for root dressing, starting from the initial flowering period, once every 15 days Spray once, can receive good disease prevention effect.
(2) Tomato tendon rot Tomato rot disease is a physiological disease that often occurs in tomato cultivation in protected areas, and the disease rate can reach 20% to 35%.
1. Symptoms Tomato tendon rot is a physiological disease that jeopardizes the fruit. The main symptom is that the fruit is unevenly colored. After cross-cutting, the vascular tissue of the pulp is dark brown. The fruit with lighter incidence, some vascular bundles browned and necrotic, although the shape of the fruit did not change, but the browning of the vascular bundle did not turn red. The fruits with heavier onset, the vascular bundles of the flesh are all dark brown, the diseased fruit placenta tissue is poorly developed, some fruits are accompanied by cavities, the surface of the fruit is obviously red and green uneven, and the diseased part is light brown and the surface changes. hard. There is no commercial value except for the mildly affected fruit. The stems and leaves of the diseased plants have no obvious symptoms.
The onset of tomato rot is different due to different cultivation methods. Most of the tomatoes cultivated in winter occur in the second and third ear fruits, and the tomatoes cultivated in winter and spring are mostly in the first and second ear fruits. The diseased fruit is exposed to the disease during the red transition period.
2. Causes and conditions of the disease Mainly caused by insufficient sunshine, low temperature, multi-fertilizer, excessive humidity, potassium deficiency, high groundwater level, soil compaction and other factors.
3. Control methods Select resistant varieties. At present, the "Xifen No.3" and "Early Feng" diseases have lower fruit yields and can be used as the main varieties in the re-emergence areas, but the incidence varies in different areas. Pay attention to the rotation. There are few varieties of crops cultivated in greenhouses, and it is more difficult to change crops. It is especially necessary to implement crop rotation in heavy-duty greenhouses to ease the imbalance of soil nutrients.
Improve management. To protect the tomato cultivation in the protected area, it is necessary to avoid insufficient light, more fertilizer, and insufficient oxygen supply to the soil. Care should be taken to improve the lighting conditions and increase the light transmission of the protective covering material.
Seedlings should not be too dense and grow not too luxuriant, and the seedling age of winter and spring sorghum should not be less than 60 days. Appropriate application of chemical fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers appropriate mix, to avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, especially pay attention not to excessive application of ammonia nitrogen fertilizer. Increase the application of potassium fertilizer, apply more decomposed organic fertilizer, improve soil physical properties, and enhance soil water retention, drainage capacity and permeability. Appropriate irrigation, do not fill too much water at a time, keep the soil suitable for humidity. Pay attention to drainage after the rain.
After the fruit is placed on the fruit, the compound micro-fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed for 15 to 20 days, and then applied for 2 to 3 times.
Add carbon dioxide gas fertilizer to maximize photosynthesis.
(3) Tomato cavity fruit
1. Symptoms There is a gap between the flesh and the fruit cavity. The lighter hollow fruit can still be commercial, with a heavy degree of no commodity value.
2. Control methods As much as possible to supply assimilated nutrients, so that the fruit is adequately nutritious, reducing the occurrence of empty fruit.
The flower buds are easy to fall off, the roots are generally poorly developed, the number of roots is small, the assimilation is weak, and the growth hormone is used to promote fruit setting, which is easy to produce hollow fruit. If the number of fruit sets is reduced, the occurrence of empty fruit will be reduced.
The plant has a good flower bud. Due to injury during transplantation, it forms an aging seedling. The root system is not well developed in Daejeon, and it is easy to cause aging of the leaves and the assimilation is weakened. According to the growth potential of the plant, the fruit should be placed proportionally, and the fruit should be slowly expanded to supply sufficient nutrients to reduce the occurrence of empty fruit.
When the leaf area is small, the first inflorescence has a large number of fruit set, and the fruit at the bottom of the plant, the required assimilation nutrients are supplied by the whole plant, and the hollow fruit is less. But the upper fruit receives less assimilation of nutrients and forms a hollow fruit. When the assimilation of nutrients is insufficient, the fruit will not expand very well, and when there is very little nutrients, it will not be able to bear fruit.
In the same inflorescence, the flowering time from the first flower to the fifth and sixth flowers is not concentrated, which will cause competition for assimilated nutrients between the fruits, and the late flowering fruit will form a hollow fruit, so in the same inflorescence, It is necessary to treat 3 to 4 flowers that are flowering at the same time with growth stimulating hormone.
When the soil has more nitrogen fertilizer, more water, and high nighttime temperatures, the flowering date is not easy. On the contrary, when the soil is slightly dry and the nighttime temperature is low, the flowering is neat. The nighttime temperature is high, especially when nitrogen fertilizer is applied and water is poured, the assimilated nutrients are mostly distributed to the plants, but the fruits are distributed very little. In this case, it is necessary to perform topping. According to different environmental conditions, in order to increase the leaf area, a part of the fruit can be removed to increase the number of leaves, so as to increase the assimilation nutrients and prevent the appearance of hollow fruits.
Use less plant growth regulators to promote fruit setting, mainly by artificial pollination, supplemented by growth regulators. It is preferable to reduce the number of growth regulators used in the case of ensuring a certain number of fruit sets and to reduce the amount of growth regulators entering the plant, and it is preferable to treat the immature flowers without using a high concentration of growth regulator.
(4) Tomato cracked fruit
1. Symptoms When mature, a radial crack occurs near the pedicle, which is a radioactive crack. Concentric cracks appear in the shoulders of the fruit, which are concentric cracking. Many cracking fruits are mixed cracking fruits that appear at the same time as two kinds of fruit cracking. From the cultivation type, tomato grown in summer and tomato cracked in autumn plastic film greenhouse More happens. High temperature drying period is also prone to occur.
2. Control methods The method of preventing cracking is mainly to prevent the aging of the fruit and the sharp increase of soil moisture content due to rainfall. It is also important to avoid direct contact between rain and fruit.
The aging of the peel is caused by the direct sunlight of the peel. The leaves of the tomato after fruit setting can protect the fruit from shading. If the sun is strong, you can use a newspaper on the inflorescence to make a paper tube on the inflorescence. If there are large leaves above the fruit to cover the fruit, the disease prevention effect is better. In the topping cultivation, more attention should be paid to some small varieties of upper fruits and leaves, and measures to prevent cracking should be taken in time.
The low content of calcium and boron in the soil is also likely to cause aging of the peel. Calcium and potash should be fully supplied and the plants should be well absorbed.
In the case of dryness, the absorption of calcium is deteriorated, and in the case of multi-fertilizer and potassium, the absorption of calcium is also affected. Pay attention to the deep ploughing of the soil and apply the appropriate amount of base fertilizer so that the roots can grow well and absorb nutrients and water well. In addition, attention should be paid to economic irrigation to avoid a sharp increase in water in the soil after rain. Strengthen soil management so that roots can be extended deeper.
(5) Tomato rot disease
1. Symptoms In the field, the daily burning disease occurs on the fruit, forming a daily burning fruit. Mostly, the green fruit appeared in the inflated period. On the sunny side of the fruit, there are large chlorotic and white spots, which are more obvious with the surrounding healthy tissue. The lesions are dry, leathery, thin, and tissue necrotic. Sometimes the leaves may also appear to be burnt, and part of the initial leaves will chlorotic, later become bleached, and finally turn yellow and die.
2. Prevention and treatment methods Pay attention to reasonable close planting, timely and moderate pruning, so that the stems and leaves are sheltered from each other and the fruits are not exposed to direct sunlight. Pay attention to the direction of crops, generally the north-south line to the incidence of Japanese burning disease is lighter.
When the greenhouse and greenhouse temperature are too high, timely ventilation, slowing the temperature of the leaf surface, or timely watering, reducing the body temperature of the plant. When the sun is too strong, cover the curtain or cover the shade net. Spraying 85% longer than (B9) soluble water agent 2000-3000ppm, or 0.1% zinc sulfate or copper sulfate, increasing the resistance of tomato to daily burning.
(6) Tomato 2,4-D phytotoxicity
1. Symptoms 2,4-D phytotoxicity can be expressed on leaves and fruits. The phytotoxicity of the leaves showed that the leaves were bent, stiff, and slender, the leaflets could not be unfolded, the longitudinal folds, and the leaf margins were distorted. Similar to the symptoms of viral disease. Fruit phytotoxicity is characterized by fruit malformation, the most common being papillary umbilical.
2. Prevention and control methods Strictly control the reasonable use concentration of 2,4-D. As the temperature increases, the depth of use will change. Taking the spring greenhouse spring tomato as an example, the first inflorescence is usually used at a reasonable concentration of 2,4-D. As the temperature increased, the concentration used was 20 ppm, the second inflorescence was 15 ppm, and the third inflorescence was 10 ppm.
The flowers should be marked to prevent repeated flowering, so as to avoid phytotoxicity caused by excessive concentration. Care should be taken when handling flowers to prevent 2,4-D sputum from dripping onto the shoots or young leaves. Spraying is strictly prohibited.
When the number of flowers in the field is large, you can use the anti-falling 25-40ppm spray.
1. Symptoms Tomato flowers, fruits, leaves and stems can be affected. When the fruit is infected, the green fruit is seriously damaged. The residual stigma or petals are infested first, and then spread to the fruit or the stalk, resulting in a grayish-white peel and a thick gray mold layer, which is watery. The incidence of the leaves mostly starts from the tip of the leaf, and expands inward along the branch veins in a "V" shape. It is initially water-immersed, and is yellow-brown after unfolding, with striated lines at the edges. The boundaries between disease and health organizations are clear. When the stem is infected, it begins to appear as a water-soaked spot, and then expands into an oblong or strip-shaped lesion, light brown. When the humidity is high, the surface of the lesion has a gray mold layer, and in severe cases, the diseased part is dead.
2. Route of transmission and pathogenesis The disease is caused by the infection of Botrytis cinerea. When the temperature is 20 to 30 ° C and the relative humidity is 90% or more, it is a suitable condition for the occurrence of the disease. Protected areas are generally susceptible to disease from December to May. The germs are spread by airflow, irrigation water and farming operations. Zhanhua is the main artificial transmission route. The pathogens invade from dead tissues such as wounds and aging organs, and the flowering period is the peak of infection.
3. Control methods Ecological control. The protection ground is mainly to control the room temperature humidity. Generally, the wind is released in the morning, and the air is released at more than 30 °C. When it drops to 25 °C, the air continues to be released at noon. The temperature in the afternoon is maintained at 20-25 °C, and the air is stopped at 20 °C to keep the night temperature between 15 and 17 °C. Open the vents on a cloudy day.
Strengthen cultivation management, apply sufficient base fertilizer when planting, avoid watering in rainy days, drain water after watering, control watering after disease, remove diseased and diseased leaves in time and concentrate on treatment, remove diseased body after pulling, pay attention Farming operations are hygienic and prevent disease.
For drug control, focus on three key drugs: pre-transplantation, flowering and fruit expansion.
1 Spray the seedlings with 50% keering WP 1500-2000 times solution or 50% carbendazim or wet powder 500 times solution before transplanting.
2 stained with anther. After planting, combined with dip application, add 0.1% 50% chlorhexidine WP or 50% carbendazim WP or 0.2% to 0.3% in the diluted 2.4-D or anti-fallin dilution. 25% of the metalaxyl WP can be stained or applied. In recent years, the use of "Baoguoling No. 1" wettable powder has been effective, that is, 0.5 liter per gram of hot water is fully stirred, and the flowers are dried after cooling.
3 fruit medicine. Apply before or after the water is poured.
4 spray can choose 50% speed Keling wettable powder 2000 times liquid; 50% phlegm hyacinth 1500 times liquid; 60% anti-mildew ultra-fine powder 600 times liquid; 4% thiabendazole suspension 4000 times liquid 2% Wuyimycin water 150 times solution; 50% Nongli Ling WP 500 times solution.
5 smoke application can choose 10% speed Keling smoke agent or 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent, 250 grams per acre; 3% thiabendazole smoke agent, 250 grams per acre.
â‘¥ dust administration can choose 5% chlorothalonil dusts, one kilogram per acre, with the harvest type 5 or type 10 powder duster, every 7 to 10 days once, even applied 2 to 3 times.
Second, tomato late blight
1. Symptoms Seedlings and adult plants can be affected, which is harmful to leaves, stems and fruits, but the leaves and green fruits in the adult stage are seriously damaged.
Seedlings are susceptible to dark green water-soaked lesions, which develop from the leaves to the main stem, making the petioles and stems dark and brown and rotted, the whole plant is wilting, and the white mold layer is formed in the diseased part. The base of the young stem is ill, forming a water-stained contracture, and the seedlings are wilting or lodging. In the adult stage, the leaf disease is mostly caused by the lower leaves, forming a dark green water-immersed lesion with no obvious edge, which is brown after expansion. When the humidity is high, white mold occurs in the border area of ​​the leaf back disease. When dry, the diseased part is dry, brittle and easy to break. The stem lesions initially showed a black depression, which turned black and brown and rotted, which easily caused the leaves of the main stem to be wilted. The fruit is infected, the lesion is oily and dark green, and then becomes dark brown, slightly sunken, the diseased part is hard, and the edge is obviously cloud-like. When the humidity is high, white mold grows and it rots rapidly.
2. Route of transmission and pathogenesis The disease is caused by infection with Phytophthora infestans. Low temperature and humidity are the main conditions for the occurrence of the disease. The temperature is between 18 and 22 ° C, and the relative humidity is between 95% and 100%. When water droplets are present on the leaves, sporangia and zoospores germinate. Mycelium grows fastest at temperatures between 20 and 23 °C. Whether the onset and prevalence determine the presence of water droplets or water film. Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, insufficient base fertilizer, continuous rain, insufficient light, poor ventilation, excessive watering, and excessive density are all prone to the disease. Spread of infection by germs and then stream, irrigation water. The disease is disseminated repeatedly epidemic diseases.
3. Control methods Agricultural control.
Selection of resistant varieties, in vegetables such as No. 4, No. 5, Fung, Jiafen, the miscellaneous other varieties 4; and non-solanaceous crop rotation implement more than 3 years; strengthening fertilizer and water management, and to prevent flood irrigation watering sunny after protection watered timely ventilation, enough base fertilizer, the use of fertilizer; rational close planting, timely pruning, improve air and light conditions; the timely removal of diseased plants center.
Chemical control. Discovery Center diseased plants after spraying timely good effect.
1 spray application. Optional 40% Phytophthora WP 250 times solution, 58% metalaxyl Mn-Zn wettable powder 500 times solution, 64% anti-virus WP WP 500 times, 72% frost urea Zn (DuPont Klu) Wettable powder 800 times solution, 69% Anke manganese zinc wettable powder 1000 times solution.
2 dust application. 5% frost urea-manganese-zinc dust can be used per kilogram per acre, 5% chlorothalonil dust is 1 kilogram per acre, and it can be applied before the shed in the evening. 7 to 8 days, 3 to 4 times in a row.
3 smoke application. 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent can be selected 250g/mu, and the evening is applied to close the shed.
4 irrigation root application. 50% nail cream copper wettable powder 600 times liquid, 60% succinyl aluminum phosphate wettable powder 400 times liquid, about 300 grams per potting solution can be used.
Third, tomato leaf mold
1. Symptoms mainly damage the leaves, and in severe cases also damage the stems, fruits and flowers. When the leaves are damaged, unplanned or elliptical yellowish or pale green chlorotic spots appear on the back of the leaves, and the primary white mold layer turns into a taupe or dark brown velvet mold layer. The leaves are yellowish on the front and the edges are not obvious. In severe cases, the leaves are dry and curled and die. The lower leaves of the diseased plants first became ill and gradually spread to the upper leaves. In severe cases, the whole plant leaves can be curled. The fruit is infected and spreads from the pedicle to the periphery. The fruit surface forms black or irregular plaques and hardens the depression.
2. Route of transmission and pathogenesis The disease is caused by the infection of the fungus of the genus Cladosporium. The general temperature is 20~25°C, and the relative humidity is above 90%, which is beneficial to the infection and disease of the bacteria. High temperature and high humidity are beneficial to the onset, but humidity is an important factor affecting the onset. The germ spreads through the air and invades from the stomata of the leaf back.
3. Prevention methods Reasonable arrangements for rotation. Arrange for more than three years of rotation with melons or other vegetables to reduce the source of bacteria in the soil. Greenhouse disinfection. Before planting the seedlings, mix with 0.25 kg of sulfur powder and 0.50 kg of sawdust per 110 square meters, sterilize by igniting and suffocating overnight, then plant the seedlings after one day, or use 45% chlorothalonil Indoor and topsoil disinfection is carried out at a rate of 0.25 kg per 110 square meters for a day and night.
High temperature shack. Choose a sunny day at noon, take about 30 to 33 °C high temperature treatment for about two hours, and then timely ventilation and cooling, a better control of the disease.
Ecological control. Strengthen the temperature and humidity management in the shed, timely ventilation, proper control of watering, timely ventilation and dehumidification after watering, and control of irrigation after rainy days and after the onset. Reasonable close planting, timely pruning and snoring, in order to facilitate ventilation and light. Formulated and fertilized to avoid excessive nitrogen fertilizer and appropriate increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
Chemical control.
1 spray application. After the initial diagnosis, the diseased leaves should be removed in time, and the liquid medicine should be sprayed for comprehensive prevention and control. 2% Bo-10 (wuyimycin) water 150 times solution, 60% anti-mildew ultra-fine powder 600 times night, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution, 70% methyl thiophanate WP 800-1000 times liquid, 40% Fuxing emulsifiable concentrate 6000-8000 times liquid,
47% garinong wettable powder 600 ~ 800 times liquid, etc., every 7 to 8 days, even spray 2 to 3 times.
2 dust application or smoke application. Spray dust or release aerosol in the evening. Commonly used are 5% Jiaruinong dust, 5% chlorothalonil dust, 7% foliar dust, 10% enemy dust, etc., 1 kg per mu, 7-8 days; 45% The bacteriostatic agent is 250 to 300 grams per acre.
Fourth, tomato early blight
1. Symptoms In the seedling stage, the base of the stem of the seedlings has dark brown lesions, and the hair is slightly sunken. At the beginning of the adult stage, the leaves are in the form of water-immersed dark green lesions. After expansion, they are round or irregularly shaped round spots. The edges are mostly light green or yellow halo. The middle part is concentric, and the lesions are on the wet. A black mold layer grows. The diseased leaves generally develop upward from the lower part of the plant, and the middle part falls off in severe cases. Stem lesions are mostly found at the branches and at the base of the petiole. They are brown to dark brown irregular round or elliptical lesions, depressions, sometimes cracked, and severe branches. Green fruit infection, beginning in the vicinity of the flower bud, initially oval or irregular brown or black spots, depression, late fruit cracking, the diseased part is hard, dense black mold layer.
2. Transmission route and disease conditions The disease is caused by the infection of Alternaria solani, and the bacteria overwinter on the diseased bodies and seeds. It spreads through airflow, irrigation water, and farming operations, and directly invades the disease from the pores and wound epidermis. The growth temperature of the pathogen is 26-28 °C, and the incidence is high under high temperature and high humidity conditions.
3. Prevention methods Agricultural control. Apply enough fully decomposed organic fertilizer, and fill the water with fertilizer. Choose resistant varieties, rotate for replacement, and reasonably close planting.
Ecological control. Adjust the temperature and humidity in the shed indoors, especially in the early stage of early spring tomato planting. The shed time should not be too long to prevent the humidity in the shed from being too high and the temperature to be too high.
Chemical control. Dust application, spraying 5% bacteria dust at the beginning of the disease, 1 kg per acre, once every 9 days, even spraying 3 to 4 times; smoke application, optional 45% chlorothalonil or 10 % speed keiling smoke agent, 200 ~ 250 grams per acre; spray application, you can choose 50% Nong Li Ling wet powder or 65% more fruit WP 1000 times solution, 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc Wet powder, 64% anti-virus M8 wettable powder 500 times solution.
V. Tomato virus disease
1. Symptoms There are three main types of tomato virus disease: Mosaic type: yellow-green interphase or deep and shallow mottled on the leaves, the veins are transparent, the leaves are slightly shrunken, the diseased plants are slightly shorter, the new leaves are small, the results are small, and the fruit surface Poor quality, more flowery.
Fern leaf type. All or part of the strip becomes strip-shaped from the upper blade, and the middle and lower blades are slightly wound upward. The petals are enlarged to form a "flower". Plants are dwarfed to varying degrees.
Stripe type. Mainly on the fruit and stem. The leaves showed brown spots or mosaics on the leaves, and the veins on the back were purple; the oily streaks of dark green to dark brown sag appeared on the stems, and the diseased stems were brittle and easy to break; the brown plaques of different shapes were formed on the fruits, but the discoloration part It is only in the surface layer and does not penetrate into the stem and the flesh. As the fruit develops, the diseased part is sunken and becomes a deformed stiff fruit.
2. Transmission route and disease conditions Generally, the disease is lighter in the early stage of tomato in the greenhouse. After entering May, the fern leaves and mosaics begin to increase; after the autumn extension, the tomato virus disease is more serious than the spring greenhouse, mainly fern leaves and streak virus. The temperature difference between day and night in the shed is small, the sowing date is early, and the seedling age is large, which can aggravate the virus disease. High temperature and drought, aphids are harmful, plant growth is weak, heavy sputum, etc., are easy to cause viral disease. The route of transmission is through contact and communication through friction, snoring, kidnapping, etc., and can also be transmitted through mites and machinery.
3. Prevention methods Agricultural control.
1 use resistant varieties. It is feasible to use Jiafen No.1, Sukang No.5, No.8, No.9, Xifen No.3 and Zaofeng in winter and spring.
After the autumn extension, you can use Qiangfeng, Zhongyou 4, 5, Mao powder 802, Jiafen 10, 15 and so on.
2 use disease-free seeds and seed treatment. Seeds should be selected from disease-free plants; seed treatment can be soaked in water for 4 hours before sowing, and then immersed in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, then removed and rinsed with water to germination.
3 Strengthen cultivation management. Reasonable rotation, timely removal of sick and septic strains after harvest, cultivation of disease-free and strong seedlings, attention to disinfection of hands and tools in field operations.
Control mites in time.
10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 ~ 2500 times liquid, 0.4% acaricidin water agent 200 ~ 400 times liquid.
Biological preparation control. In the case of tomato seedlings, planting, tying vines, snoring, spray 1% soapy water with 0.2% to 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 1:20-40 soy milk or soy milk powder to prevent contact infection. Spraying 100 times of NS-83 enhancer once before and after colonization can enhance tomato disease resistance and increase yield. At the same time, it can also be controlled by 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times liquid.
6. Tomato physiological diseases
(1) Tomato umbilical rot
1. Symptoms Green fruit is the most susceptible to disease. The lesion occurs in the umbilicus at the top of the fruit, that is, the residual part of the flower and its vicinity, so it is called umbilical rot. The early stage of the diseased department was water-soaked dark green, and the pulp tissue of the affected part collapsed and contracted to be significantly flat. The healthy part of the victim fruit turns red in advance. In wet conditions, the diseased department is often infected by saprophytic bacteria, producing dark green, black or pink mold on the lesions.
2. Incidence conditions The young fruit and immature green fruit of tomato are easy to develop, and the fruit generally does not develop after maturity.
After the rainy season, followed by drought, or too much irrigation in the early stage, no irrigation in the later stage, the plant suddenly suffered from severe drought. Tomato roots are poorly developed, or roots are injured, and water cannot be absorbed normally. It is also easy to induce umbilical rot. If the application of unfertilized organic fertilizer or excessive fertilization causes root burning, thereby affecting the normal absorption of water, the incidence is often serious. Sandy soil or heavy soil will cause excessive changes in soil moisture, soil alkalinity, affecting root water absorption capacity, and easy to onset.
3. Control methods Strengthen management to ensure uniform supply of water to plants, especially when the temperature rises sharply in early summer, it is necessary to pay attention to the supply of water. Field watering should be carried out in the morning or evening.
Choose a sandy loam soil with strong water and strong soil. If the soil is too sticky or contains too much sand, it should be combined with deep tillage to apply organic fertilizers, such as compost and green manure, to improve soil properties and enhance its ability to retain fertilizer.
Rational fertilization. Avoid using organic fertilizer that is not decomposed, or apply fertilizer at a high concentration to burn roots. Pay attention to the reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Within 30 days after the start of fruit setting of the tomato, appropriate application of calcium fertilizer, 1% superphosphate, 0.1% calcium chloride or 0.1% calcium nitrate for root dressing, starting from the initial flowering period, once every 15 days Spray once, can receive good disease prevention effect.
(2) Tomato tendon rot Tomato rot disease is a physiological disease that often occurs in tomato cultivation in protected areas, and the disease rate can reach 20% to 35%.
1. Symptoms Tomato tendon rot is a physiological disease that jeopardizes the fruit. The main symptom is that the fruit is unevenly colored. After cross-cutting, the vascular tissue of the pulp is dark brown. The fruit with lighter incidence, some vascular bundles browned and necrotic, although the shape of the fruit did not change, but the browning of the vascular bundle did not turn red. The fruits with heavier onset, the vascular bundles of the flesh are all dark brown, the diseased fruit placenta tissue is poorly developed, some fruits are accompanied by cavities, the surface of the fruit is obviously red and green uneven, and the diseased part is light brown and the surface changes. hard. There is no commercial value except for the mildly affected fruit. The stems and leaves of the diseased plants have no obvious symptoms.
The onset of tomato rot is different due to different cultivation methods. Most of the tomatoes cultivated in winter occur in the second and third ear fruits, and the tomatoes cultivated in winter and spring are mostly in the first and second ear fruits. The diseased fruit is exposed to the disease during the red transition period.
2. Causes and conditions of the disease Mainly caused by insufficient sunshine, low temperature, multi-fertilizer, excessive humidity, potassium deficiency, high groundwater level, soil compaction and other factors.
3. Control methods Select resistant varieties. At present, the "Xifen No.3" and "Early Feng" diseases have lower fruit yields and can be used as the main varieties in the re-emergence areas, but the incidence varies in different areas. Pay attention to the rotation. There are few varieties of crops cultivated in greenhouses, and it is more difficult to change crops. It is especially necessary to implement crop rotation in heavy-duty greenhouses to ease the imbalance of soil nutrients.
Improve management. To protect the tomato cultivation in the protected area, it is necessary to avoid insufficient light, more fertilizer, and insufficient oxygen supply to the soil. Care should be taken to improve the lighting conditions and increase the light transmission of the protective covering material.
Seedlings should not be too dense and grow not too luxuriant, and the seedling age of winter and spring sorghum should not be less than 60 days. Appropriate application of chemical fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers appropriate mix, to avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, especially pay attention not to excessive application of ammonia nitrogen fertilizer. Increase the application of potassium fertilizer, apply more decomposed organic fertilizer, improve soil physical properties, and enhance soil water retention, drainage capacity and permeability. Appropriate irrigation, do not fill too much water at a time, keep the soil suitable for humidity. Pay attention to drainage after the rain.
After the fruit is placed on the fruit, the compound micro-fertilizer such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed for 15 to 20 days, and then applied for 2 to 3 times.
Add carbon dioxide gas fertilizer to maximize photosynthesis.
(3) Tomato cavity fruit
1. Symptoms There is a gap between the flesh and the fruit cavity. The lighter hollow fruit can still be commercial, with a heavy degree of no commodity value.
2. Control methods As much as possible to supply assimilated nutrients, so that the fruit is adequately nutritious, reducing the occurrence of empty fruit.
The flower buds are easy to fall off, the roots are generally poorly developed, the number of roots is small, the assimilation is weak, and the growth hormone is used to promote fruit setting, which is easy to produce hollow fruit. If the number of fruit sets is reduced, the occurrence of empty fruit will be reduced.
The plant has a good flower bud. Due to injury during transplantation, it forms an aging seedling. The root system is not well developed in Daejeon, and it is easy to cause aging of the leaves and the assimilation is weakened. According to the growth potential of the plant, the fruit should be placed proportionally, and the fruit should be slowly expanded to supply sufficient nutrients to reduce the occurrence of empty fruit.
When the leaf area is small, the first inflorescence has a large number of fruit set, and the fruit at the bottom of the plant, the required assimilation nutrients are supplied by the whole plant, and the hollow fruit is less. But the upper fruit receives less assimilation of nutrients and forms a hollow fruit. When the assimilation of nutrients is insufficient, the fruit will not expand very well, and when there is very little nutrients, it will not be able to bear fruit.
In the same inflorescence, the flowering time from the first flower to the fifth and sixth flowers is not concentrated, which will cause competition for assimilated nutrients between the fruits, and the late flowering fruit will form a hollow fruit, so in the same inflorescence, It is necessary to treat 3 to 4 flowers that are flowering at the same time with growth stimulating hormone.
When the soil has more nitrogen fertilizer, more water, and high nighttime temperatures, the flowering date is not easy. On the contrary, when the soil is slightly dry and the nighttime temperature is low, the flowering is neat. The nighttime temperature is high, especially when nitrogen fertilizer is applied and water is poured, the assimilated nutrients are mostly distributed to the plants, but the fruits are distributed very little. In this case, it is necessary to perform topping. According to different environmental conditions, in order to increase the leaf area, a part of the fruit can be removed to increase the number of leaves, so as to increase the assimilation nutrients and prevent the appearance of hollow fruits.
Use less plant growth regulators to promote fruit setting, mainly by artificial pollination, supplemented by growth regulators. It is preferable to reduce the number of growth regulators used in the case of ensuring a certain number of fruit sets and to reduce the amount of growth regulators entering the plant, and it is preferable to treat the immature flowers without using a high concentration of growth regulator.
(4) Tomato cracked fruit
1. Symptoms When mature, a radial crack occurs near the pedicle, which is a radioactive crack. Concentric cracks appear in the shoulders of the fruit, which are concentric cracking. Many cracking fruits are mixed cracking fruits that appear at the same time as two kinds of fruit cracking. From the cultivation type, tomato grown in summer and tomato cracked in autumn plastic film greenhouse More happens. High temperature drying period is also prone to occur.
2. Control methods The method of preventing cracking is mainly to prevent the aging of the fruit and the sharp increase of soil moisture content due to rainfall. It is also important to avoid direct contact between rain and fruit.
The aging of the peel is caused by the direct sunlight of the peel. The leaves of the tomato after fruit setting can protect the fruit from shading. If the sun is strong, you can use a newspaper on the inflorescence to make a paper tube on the inflorescence. If there are large leaves above the fruit to cover the fruit, the disease prevention effect is better. In the topping cultivation, more attention should be paid to some small varieties of upper fruits and leaves, and measures to prevent cracking should be taken in time.
The low content of calcium and boron in the soil is also likely to cause aging of the peel. Calcium and potash should be fully supplied and the plants should be well absorbed.
In the case of dryness, the absorption of calcium is deteriorated, and in the case of multi-fertilizer and potassium, the absorption of calcium is also affected. Pay attention to the deep ploughing of the soil and apply the appropriate amount of base fertilizer so that the roots can grow well and absorb nutrients and water well. In addition, attention should be paid to economic irrigation to avoid a sharp increase in water in the soil after rain. Strengthen soil management so that roots can be extended deeper.
(5) Tomato rot disease
1. Symptoms In the field, the daily burning disease occurs on the fruit, forming a daily burning fruit. Mostly, the green fruit appeared in the inflated period. On the sunny side of the fruit, there are large chlorotic and white spots, which are more obvious with the surrounding healthy tissue. The lesions are dry, leathery, thin, and tissue necrotic. Sometimes the leaves may also appear to be burnt, and part of the initial leaves will chlorotic, later become bleached, and finally turn yellow and die.
2. Prevention and treatment methods Pay attention to reasonable close planting, timely and moderate pruning, so that the stems and leaves are sheltered from each other and the fruits are not exposed to direct sunlight. Pay attention to the direction of crops, generally the north-south line to the incidence of Japanese burning disease is lighter.
When the greenhouse and greenhouse temperature are too high, timely ventilation, slowing the temperature of the leaf surface, or timely watering, reducing the body temperature of the plant. When the sun is too strong, cover the curtain or cover the shade net. Spraying 85% longer than (B9) soluble water agent 2000-3000ppm, or 0.1% zinc sulfate or copper sulfate, increasing the resistance of tomato to daily burning.
(6) Tomato 2,4-D phytotoxicity
1. Symptoms 2,4-D phytotoxicity can be expressed on leaves and fruits. The phytotoxicity of the leaves showed that the leaves were bent, stiff, and slender, the leaflets could not be unfolded, the longitudinal folds, and the leaf margins were distorted. Similar to the symptoms of viral disease. Fruit phytotoxicity is characterized by fruit malformation, the most common being papillary umbilical.
2. Prevention and control methods Strictly control the reasonable use concentration of 2,4-D. As the temperature increases, the depth of use will change. Taking the spring greenhouse spring tomato as an example, the first inflorescence is usually used at a reasonable concentration of 2,4-D. As the temperature increased, the concentration used was 20 ppm, the second inflorescence was 15 ppm, and the third inflorescence was 10 ppm.
The flowers should be marked to prevent repeated flowering, so as to avoid phytotoxicity caused by excessive concentration. Care should be taken when handling flowers to prevent 2,4-D sputum from dripping onto the shoots or young leaves. Spraying is strictly prohibited.
When the number of flowers in the field is large, you can use the anti-falling 25-40ppm spray.
ã€Comment】 ã€Print this article】 ã€Close this page】 ã€Large, medium and small】
PRO-CHARGER CO., LTD. (VICTOR HERO HOLDINGS LTD, TIME VALUE LTD.) , https://www.pro-chargerco.com