After each economic crisis, technological innovation has become a strategic high ground. In the post-financial crisis era, countries around the world are racing to seize the commanding heights of science and technology, and the world has entered an unprecedented era of innovation and intensive industry rejuvenation. As a representative of emerging industries and technological innovation, the Internet of Things has become the commanding heights of international competition in the latter part of the economic crisis. From “Smart Earth†to “Feeling Chinaâ€, policy makers are highly concerned about the Internet of Things. However, the development of the Internet of Things can not be attacked on all sides. It should focus on the key points and pay attention to actual results. In this process, car networking is a topic worthy of attention.
Intelligent transportation is the key to the development of the Internet of Things. The application of IoT is very extensive. At present, there are four main areas worthy of special attention: environmental monitoring, item traceability, smart grid, and intelligent transportation. Among them, environmental monitoring has been launched, the traceability basis for items is still weak, smart grids have received attention, and smart transportation has great potential.
The reason why intelligent transportation has enormous potential for development, and it is inseparable from the national conditions of our country that the four key areas that constitute the development of the Internet of Things along with environmental monitoring, item traceability, and smart grid development. The energy consumption of automobiles is a prominent issue facing the current transformation of economic development. At present, China’s oil consumption is second only to the United States and ranks second in the world. In 2009, China’s crude oil imports exceeded 200 million tons for the first time, and its import dependency reached 56%. China's oil consumption in the transportation industry is second only to industry, accounting for about 25% of total consumption. Each vehicle in the United States consumes 1.8 tons of fuel per year, 1.5 tons in the EU, and 1.1 tons in Japan. China has 2.3 tons of energy, and its energy efficiency is relatively low. In terms of pollution emissions, the emission of nitrogen oxides from motor vehicles in China accounts for 30% of the total emissions. A car emits harmful exhaust gas three times more than its own weight in a year. Moreover, traffic congestion in urban areas in China has become increasingly serious. There are approximately 30 % of gasoline is consumed in traffic jams.
In the face of energy, pollution, and congestion problems brought by these transportation industries, the development of intelligent transportation is one of the solutions. Intelligent transportation can improve the efficiency of road use, reduce traffic congestion by about 60%, increase the efficiency of short-distance transportation by nearly 70%, and increase the capacity of existing roads by two to three times. Vehicles travel within the intelligent transportation system, the number of parking stops can be reduced by 30%, travel time can be reduced by 13% to 45%, and vehicle use efficiency can be increased by more than 50%.
Intelligent transportation can significantly reduce car energy consumption. Thanks to intelligent traffic control, the fuel consumption of vehicles can also be reduced by 15% due to the reduction in fuel consumption and the reduction in exhaust emissions due to the increase in average vehicle speed. Based on the estimated number of 70 million vehicles in China, it can reduce the consumption of about 25 million tons of gasoline each year, accounting for more than half of the annual refined oil imports. At the same time, the smooth traffic will significantly reduce the vehicle's stagnation time on the road, so that the emissions of automobile exhaust gas will be greatly reduced, thereby improving air quality. According to calculations, every one minute reduction in the idling time of the national automobile engine can reduce the emissions of 1,000 tons of gasoline. Promoting intelligent transportation can reduce China's greenhouse gas emissions by 25% to 30%.
Intelligent transportation can effectively reduce traffic accidents. In the country, only one traffic accident resulted in more than 500,000 disabled people and more than 100,000 deaths. Intelligent transportation technology can effectively reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents and reduce the number of deaths caused by traffic accidents by 30% to 70% each year.
Car networking should become the direction of intelligent transportation development Currently, intelligent transportation is at a crucial point in the future. Early intelligence transportation was mainly carried out around highways. One of the most important ones was the establishment of a comprehensive highway toll collection system and information management of highway tolls throughout the country. The current focus and major pressures on traffic problems come from urban road congestion. In the case of road construction that cannot keep up with the growth of automobiles, the solution to the congestion problem mainly depends on the management and deployment of vehicles. Singapore shifted the focus of its management to hot spots, imposed charges on vehicles entering hotspots, and adjusted the traffic volume in hotspots.
In the future, the development of intelligent transportation will shift to a management model that focuses on hotspots and vehicles. Therefore, intelligent traffic urgently needs to establish a car-based information system-car networking. Car networking is the integration of existing electronic information technologies. Each car is used as a source of information and connected to the network through wireless communication means to achieve unified management of vehicles nationwide.
Car networking can achieve the following effects:
1) The management department does not need to build a single monitoring network in a small area in each city and each high-speed vehicle. Instead, it really realizes the unified national management of vehicles and roads at a very low cost. All vehicles are online in real time. Whether it is the local car driving to the field or the foreign car driving to the local area, the management department can obtain the required vehicle information on the network.
2) Simple, fast, and efficient means are available for regular vehicle inspections, emission control, investigation of smuggled vehicles and deck vehicles, and tracing of stolen vehicles.
3) Through the analysis of the data on the number of vehicles and the speed of the intersection, the traffic conditions of the cities and roads in the country can be grasped in real time and real intelligent traffic control can be realized. When necessary, the management department can also send instructions or notices to car terminals or on-site commanders through the automotive electronic information network.
4) Hotspots can be set up for differential pricing of cars entering hotspots.
5) The automotive electronic information network can also realize the automatic toll collection of the national highways, whether it is in the city's expressways or long-distance highways that run through multiple cities, and directly realizes the non-stop metering based on the information that cars pass through the highway entrances and exits. Fees, accurate and quick.
6) It is possible to collect feedback vehicle status information in real time and intervene early on problem vehicles.
At present, the car network has been highly valued by the transportation department. From July 8th to 9th, 2010, the Office of the Leading Group of Informatization Work of the Ministry of Transport organized the 2010 Communication and Communication Directors' Seminar in Wuhan. Almost all of the leaders of the communications and related departments of the national transportation system participated in the conference. This meeting. The meeting emphasized the role of information technology in transforming the development mode of the transportation industry, and promoted the construction of "car networking" and "shipping network" as the consensus of the meeting.
Car networking brings upgrading and catching up opportunities for the automotive industry China has become a big country for automobile production and consumption. At present, the number of motor vehicles in the country is close to 200 million vehicles, of which nearly 70 million vehicles are kept. In 2009, the sales volume of Chinese cars was 13 million, accounting for 22% of the world's total sales. In the first half of 2010, car sales reached 7.18 million, ranking first in the world. However, we are not yet a car powerhouse, and the number of cars produced is low-end cars.
To complete the transition from a large automobile country to a powerful automobile country, it is crucial to increase the information technology content of automobiles. From 1989 to the present, the average percentage of electronic devices installed in each vehicle has increased from 16% to more than 30% of the total automobile manufacturing costs. In some luxury cars, electronic products can even account for 50% to 60% of the total vehicle cost. The upgrading of traditional products in automobiles is very slow, while electronic products are basically upgraded in 5 years. In the future, automobile upgrades are mainly driven by electronic technologies, and 70% of automotive innovations come from automotive electronics. At the same time, the auto market is fiercely competitive. In addition to lowering prices, auto manufacturers are the most effective means of competition. In the process of adding auto parts, the ratio of auto electronics will be greatly increased.
From a big automobile country to a powerful automobile country, the technological gap is a key factor that restricts China’s development. It includes four aspects: vehicle informationization, vehicle development capability, powertrain technology, and lightweight technology, and automobile information is the biggest gap. One link. Implementing the Internet of Vehicles and integrating automobile manufacturing into the innovative environment of China's information and communication technologies will provide the domestic automobile industry with rare opportunities for development.
The foundation for the development of car networking has been provided by 3G networks. It provides a complete network infrastructure for car networking. The car network needs car and network connections. It also requires a nationwide network to cover all the places where cars can reach and maintain 7×24 hours online. Voice, image, data and other information transmission. Only the public communications network can meet these conditions.
At present, China's three major operators have established a basic communications network covering the entire country, with a wide network coverage, excellent performance, and high reliability. In particular, the construction of the three major 3G networks this year will complete the network coverage of cities at the prefecture-level cities nationwide, and will basically cover the county cities in the next two years. The rapid development of 3G mobile communication networks can provide broadband wireless information transmission channels, achieve better wireless roaming nationwide, and can handle images, video streams, and other media forms, which provides a solid foundation for building a car network. Network foundation.
The systemic opportunities for China's car networking are faced with unique institutional opportunities for convergence and innovation. The development of China's car networking is faced with unique institutional advantages. The "17th CPC National Congress" put forward the strategy of integration of industrialization and informationization, and established the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. This provides an important institutional guarantee for the "integration of the two systems," and the car network is the reality of the integration of the two systems. Points and breaches.
In addition, the construction of the Internet of Vehicles mainly involves the automobile manufacturing industry and the telecommunications industry, and the communications development department and the equipment industry division of the two industries are both the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. In addition, R&D and production companies of electronic technology products such as RFID, IT system integration providers, radio frequency planning management departments, and standardization organizations responsible for the coding of the Internet of Things are also headed or led by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Therefore, almost all problems in the construction of the Internet of Vehicles can be coordinated and resolved under the leadership of a ministry. The institutional advantage can be unique.
Promote the car network has a good basis for social management China's resident ID card transition from the first generation to the second generation, the biggest change is that the second-generation ID card embedded a non-contact electronic chip, you can confirm the identity through wireless scanning. Many people-oriented information and convenient applications, such as e-tickets, were developed based on this.
Similar to car networking, each car is required to access the network, which is to embed a "second-generation ID card" with networking function for each car. The management of vehicles in China is second only to the management of personal residence registration. The vehicle registration and management system is complete and comprehensive. When the vehicle is purchased and used, it must be registered at the vehicle management office, and various indicators and data of the vehicle and the owner are registered and checked regularly. The "first-generation ID card" of the car has complete data and information, which lays a good foundation for the replacement of "second-generation ID cards" for cars and the realization of car networking.
At the same time, the sensor network based on RFID tag technology, which has received extensive attention in recent years, has developed rapidly. Through information sensing devices such as RFID, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, and laser scanners, it is possible to transfer any items and communications. The network connects and exchanges information to realize intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management. This solves the problem of how cars connect to the public network.
At the Shanghai World Expo's information and communication museum, the concept expressed by the exhibitors is that the future exchanges will be full-time information communication that can be heard anywhere and at any time. The concept expressed in the auto museum is that any exchange of information cannot replace the real meeting between people, and the actual communication between people is fundamentally dependent on traffic. The two seemingly contradictory ideas have focused on people's information exchange. The future of traffic is precisely the integration of cars and communications. When car manufacturing and information technology are perfectly intertwined, they will demonstrate a “zero-emissions, zero-traffic accident, far from dependence on oil, far from traffic jams, and achieving interesting and stylish drivingâ€.
Then how do we realize the coordinated development of the car network based on the car as a node and the network as the basis, and people, vehicles, roads and networks? At present, all kinds of technical conditions, institutional conditions, and social conditions are all in place. The key is to establish a mechanism to combine these advantages and integrate innovation.
Intelligent transportation is the key to the development of the Internet of Things. The application of IoT is very extensive. At present, there are four main areas worthy of special attention: environmental monitoring, item traceability, smart grid, and intelligent transportation. Among them, environmental monitoring has been launched, the traceability basis for items is still weak, smart grids have received attention, and smart transportation has great potential.
The reason why intelligent transportation has enormous potential for development, and it is inseparable from the national conditions of our country that the four key areas that constitute the development of the Internet of Things along with environmental monitoring, item traceability, and smart grid development. The energy consumption of automobiles is a prominent issue facing the current transformation of economic development. At present, China’s oil consumption is second only to the United States and ranks second in the world. In 2009, China’s crude oil imports exceeded 200 million tons for the first time, and its import dependency reached 56%. China's oil consumption in the transportation industry is second only to industry, accounting for about 25% of total consumption. Each vehicle in the United States consumes 1.8 tons of fuel per year, 1.5 tons in the EU, and 1.1 tons in Japan. China has 2.3 tons of energy, and its energy efficiency is relatively low. In terms of pollution emissions, the emission of nitrogen oxides from motor vehicles in China accounts for 30% of the total emissions. A car emits harmful exhaust gas three times more than its own weight in a year. Moreover, traffic congestion in urban areas in China has become increasingly serious. There are approximately 30 % of gasoline is consumed in traffic jams.
In the face of energy, pollution, and congestion problems brought by these transportation industries, the development of intelligent transportation is one of the solutions. Intelligent transportation can improve the efficiency of road use, reduce traffic congestion by about 60%, increase the efficiency of short-distance transportation by nearly 70%, and increase the capacity of existing roads by two to three times. Vehicles travel within the intelligent transportation system, the number of parking stops can be reduced by 30%, travel time can be reduced by 13% to 45%, and vehicle use efficiency can be increased by more than 50%.
Intelligent transportation can significantly reduce car energy consumption. Thanks to intelligent traffic control, the fuel consumption of vehicles can also be reduced by 15% due to the reduction in fuel consumption and the reduction in exhaust emissions due to the increase in average vehicle speed. Based on the estimated number of 70 million vehicles in China, it can reduce the consumption of about 25 million tons of gasoline each year, accounting for more than half of the annual refined oil imports. At the same time, the smooth traffic will significantly reduce the vehicle's stagnation time on the road, so that the emissions of automobile exhaust gas will be greatly reduced, thereby improving air quality. According to calculations, every one minute reduction in the idling time of the national automobile engine can reduce the emissions of 1,000 tons of gasoline. Promoting intelligent transportation can reduce China's greenhouse gas emissions by 25% to 30%.
Intelligent transportation can effectively reduce traffic accidents. In the country, only one traffic accident resulted in more than 500,000 disabled people and more than 100,000 deaths. Intelligent transportation technology can effectively reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents and reduce the number of deaths caused by traffic accidents by 30% to 70% each year.
Car networking should become the direction of intelligent transportation development Currently, intelligent transportation is at a crucial point in the future. Early intelligence transportation was mainly carried out around highways. One of the most important ones was the establishment of a comprehensive highway toll collection system and information management of highway tolls throughout the country. The current focus and major pressures on traffic problems come from urban road congestion. In the case of road construction that cannot keep up with the growth of automobiles, the solution to the congestion problem mainly depends on the management and deployment of vehicles. Singapore shifted the focus of its management to hot spots, imposed charges on vehicles entering hotspots, and adjusted the traffic volume in hotspots.
In the future, the development of intelligent transportation will shift to a management model that focuses on hotspots and vehicles. Therefore, intelligent traffic urgently needs to establish a car-based information system-car networking. Car networking is the integration of existing electronic information technologies. Each car is used as a source of information and connected to the network through wireless communication means to achieve unified management of vehicles nationwide.
Car networking can achieve the following effects:
1) The management department does not need to build a single monitoring network in a small area in each city and each high-speed vehicle. Instead, it really realizes the unified national management of vehicles and roads at a very low cost. All vehicles are online in real time. Whether it is the local car driving to the field or the foreign car driving to the local area, the management department can obtain the required vehicle information on the network.
2) Simple, fast, and efficient means are available for regular vehicle inspections, emission control, investigation of smuggled vehicles and deck vehicles, and tracing of stolen vehicles.
3) Through the analysis of the data on the number of vehicles and the speed of the intersection, the traffic conditions of the cities and roads in the country can be grasped in real time and real intelligent traffic control can be realized. When necessary, the management department can also send instructions or notices to car terminals or on-site commanders through the automotive electronic information network.
4) Hotspots can be set up for differential pricing of cars entering hotspots.
5) The automotive electronic information network can also realize the automatic toll collection of the national highways, whether it is in the city's expressways or long-distance highways that run through multiple cities, and directly realizes the non-stop metering based on the information that cars pass through the highway entrances and exits. Fees, accurate and quick.
6) It is possible to collect feedback vehicle status information in real time and intervene early on problem vehicles.
At present, the car network has been highly valued by the transportation department. From July 8th to 9th, 2010, the Office of the Leading Group of Informatization Work of the Ministry of Transport organized the 2010 Communication and Communication Directors' Seminar in Wuhan. Almost all of the leaders of the communications and related departments of the national transportation system participated in the conference. This meeting. The meeting emphasized the role of information technology in transforming the development mode of the transportation industry, and promoted the construction of "car networking" and "shipping network" as the consensus of the meeting.
Car networking brings upgrading and catching up opportunities for the automotive industry China has become a big country for automobile production and consumption. At present, the number of motor vehicles in the country is close to 200 million vehicles, of which nearly 70 million vehicles are kept. In 2009, the sales volume of Chinese cars was 13 million, accounting for 22% of the world's total sales. In the first half of 2010, car sales reached 7.18 million, ranking first in the world. However, we are not yet a car powerhouse, and the number of cars produced is low-end cars.
To complete the transition from a large automobile country to a powerful automobile country, it is crucial to increase the information technology content of automobiles. From 1989 to the present, the average percentage of electronic devices installed in each vehicle has increased from 16% to more than 30% of the total automobile manufacturing costs. In some luxury cars, electronic products can even account for 50% to 60% of the total vehicle cost. The upgrading of traditional products in automobiles is very slow, while electronic products are basically upgraded in 5 years. In the future, automobile upgrades are mainly driven by electronic technologies, and 70% of automotive innovations come from automotive electronics. At the same time, the auto market is fiercely competitive. In addition to lowering prices, auto manufacturers are the most effective means of competition. In the process of adding auto parts, the ratio of auto electronics will be greatly increased.
From a big automobile country to a powerful automobile country, the technological gap is a key factor that restricts China’s development. It includes four aspects: vehicle informationization, vehicle development capability, powertrain technology, and lightweight technology, and automobile information is the biggest gap. One link. Implementing the Internet of Vehicles and integrating automobile manufacturing into the innovative environment of China's information and communication technologies will provide the domestic automobile industry with rare opportunities for development.
The foundation for the development of car networking has been provided by 3G networks. It provides a complete network infrastructure for car networking. The car network needs car and network connections. It also requires a nationwide network to cover all the places where cars can reach and maintain 7×24 hours online. Voice, image, data and other information transmission. Only the public communications network can meet these conditions.
At present, China's three major operators have established a basic communications network covering the entire country, with a wide network coverage, excellent performance, and high reliability. In particular, the construction of the three major 3G networks this year will complete the network coverage of cities at the prefecture-level cities nationwide, and will basically cover the county cities in the next two years. The rapid development of 3G mobile communication networks can provide broadband wireless information transmission channels, achieve better wireless roaming nationwide, and can handle images, video streams, and other media forms, which provides a solid foundation for building a car network. Network foundation.
The systemic opportunities for China's car networking are faced with unique institutional opportunities for convergence and innovation. The development of China's car networking is faced with unique institutional advantages. The "17th CPC National Congress" put forward the strategy of integration of industrialization and informationization, and established the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. This provides an important institutional guarantee for the "integration of the two systems," and the car network is the reality of the integration of the two systems. Points and breaches.
In addition, the construction of the Internet of Vehicles mainly involves the automobile manufacturing industry and the telecommunications industry, and the communications development department and the equipment industry division of the two industries are both the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. In addition, R&D and production companies of electronic technology products such as RFID, IT system integration providers, radio frequency planning management departments, and standardization organizations responsible for the coding of the Internet of Things are also headed or led by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Therefore, almost all problems in the construction of the Internet of Vehicles can be coordinated and resolved under the leadership of a ministry. The institutional advantage can be unique.
Promote the car network has a good basis for social management China's resident ID card transition from the first generation to the second generation, the biggest change is that the second-generation ID card embedded a non-contact electronic chip, you can confirm the identity through wireless scanning. Many people-oriented information and convenient applications, such as e-tickets, were developed based on this.
Similar to car networking, each car is required to access the network, which is to embed a "second-generation ID card" with networking function for each car. The management of vehicles in China is second only to the management of personal residence registration. The vehicle registration and management system is complete and comprehensive. When the vehicle is purchased and used, it must be registered at the vehicle management office, and various indicators and data of the vehicle and the owner are registered and checked regularly. The "first-generation ID card" of the car has complete data and information, which lays a good foundation for the replacement of "second-generation ID cards" for cars and the realization of car networking.
At the same time, the sensor network based on RFID tag technology, which has received extensive attention in recent years, has developed rapidly. Through information sensing devices such as RFID, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, and laser scanners, it is possible to transfer any items and communications. The network connects and exchanges information to realize intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management. This solves the problem of how cars connect to the public network.
At the Shanghai World Expo's information and communication museum, the concept expressed by the exhibitors is that the future exchanges will be full-time information communication that can be heard anywhere and at any time. The concept expressed in the auto museum is that any exchange of information cannot replace the real meeting between people, and the actual communication between people is fundamentally dependent on traffic. The two seemingly contradictory ideas have focused on people's information exchange. The future of traffic is precisely the integration of cars and communications. When car manufacturing and information technology are perfectly intertwined, they will demonstrate a “zero-emissions, zero-traffic accident, far from dependence on oil, far from traffic jams, and achieving interesting and stylish drivingâ€.
Then how do we realize the coordinated development of the car network based on the car as a node and the network as the basis, and people, vehicles, roads and networks? At present, all kinds of technical conditions, institutional conditions, and social conditions are all in place. The key is to establish a mechanism to combine these advantages and integrate innovation.
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