Heavy metals are metals with a specific gravity (density) greater than 4 or 5, and about 45 such as copper, lead, zinc, iron, cadmium, mercury, gold, and silver. Although heavy metals such as manganese, copper, and zinc are trace elements that are required for life activities, most heavy metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium are not essential for life activities, and all heavy metals are toxic to the human body beyond a certain concentration. Heavy metal pollution refers to environmental pollution caused by heavy metals or their compounds. Mainly due to human factors such as mining, exhaust emissions, sewage irrigation and the use of heavy metal products. For example, gingivitis and ache in Japan are caused by mercury pollution and cadmium pollution, respectively.
According to Southern Weekend report, in August and September 2009, Fengxiang in Shaanxi, Wugang in Hunan, and Shanghang in Fujian had successive incidents of lead poisoning. Before this, in July, the author's hometown of Liuyang broke out with malignant cadmium pollution incidents, which can not help but lament: pollution is actually close to us. The frequent outbreak of heavy metal pollution incidents brought us bursts of pain and at the same time we knocked on the environmental alarm bell. The incentive behind it deserves our exploration and reflection. Heavy metals are generally found in nature in natural concentrations. With the development of society, human activities for the extraction, smelting, processing and commercial manufacture of heavy metals are increasing. Many heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and cobalt enter the atmosphere and water. , In the soil, causing serious environmental pollution. Heavy metals that exist in various chemical or chemical forms will remain, accumulate, and migrate after entering the environment or ecosystem, causing damage. In daily life, heavy metals mostly enter the human body through the atmosphere, water, and food, causing chronic poisoning of the human body. Therefore, most heavy metal pollution incidents are discovered through blood tests. Serious heavy metal pollution incidents are increasingly frequent, I believe that there are mainly the following reasons:
I. Inadequate supervision of local environmental protection agencies
Local environmental protection agencies are the administrative agencies that take responsibility for local environmental management and law enforcement. Since environmental protection agencies do not belong to the central vertical management model, local environmental protection agencies are one of the constituent departments of local governments, and their departments do not rely on rankings. before. For a long time, people's property of the local environmental protection agencies was in the local government and the local government had a fairly long GDP and fiscal figures as batons during performance evaluation. Environmental protection was considered as a secondary or even negligible topic. Blind investment promotion has led some industrial parks to become a paradise for corporate pollution. Local environmental protection departments often adopt the policy of “keep one eye closed†in order to give consideration to their “human and financial property†subject to local government. Local government leaders require the environmental protection department to “close both eyesâ€. It is because the environmental protection department has long been met with cold shoulders. People's property is not properly protected. It has long been detached from various decision-making meetings and even local people’s congresses. The environmental protection departments themselves are often in a position of self-destruction and therefore have environmental protection. While watching the company's emissions, the department collects polluters from the polluters and negotiates a dilemma. The year 2006 was the first year of China's "Eleventh Five-Year Plan". The country proposed energy-saving, emission-reduction and pollution-reduction targets. For the first time, energy-saving and emission-reduction were taken as a hard target for government assessment. In spite of this, the inertia of the GDP appraisal and the short-sightedness of the local government as well as the pressure of economic development have all made the environment a victim. It is difficult to return for a time, potential environmental threats such as heavy metal pollution, and sudden and prone environmental incidents are ready to explode at any time. danger. In addition, the local environmental protection departments' “tweeps†and “fire-fighting†type of environmental supervision models are also one of the reasons for the poor supervision and control of the environmental protection department. The lack of human resources and the limitation of functional power in the local environmental protection departments often take the form of "negative treatment" and "governance mode". Environmental impact assessment often only stays at the initial stage of approval of the establishment of a company, and the supervision of environmental discharge after the company is put into production can save the province. Therefore, poor supervision by local encircling departments is the main reason for the frequent occurrence of heavy metal pollution.
Second, the public lack awareness of environmental protection, environmental relief channels are not smooth
In recent years, with the development of the social economy and the importance that society attaches to environmental protection, people have gradually raised their awareness of environmental protection in their personal understanding of the surrounding environment. Compared with the previous lack of awareness of environmental protection, the public’s awareness of environmental protection has increased initially. However, similar to the potential hidden pollution such as heavy metal pollution, people are not aware of the “professional†knowledge in this area, and there is a lack of awareness of pollution prevention in this area. Secondly, environmental information asymmetry is one of the reasons why people are still in “ignorance†when they face heavy metal pollution. On May 1, 2008, the Ministry of Environmental Protection began to implement the "Environmental Information Disclosure Procedures (Trial)", which stipulates that "The environmental protection department shall voluntarily disclose to the public the list of enterprises whose pollutants exceed the standard; enterprises shall disclose the pollutant discharge to the public within 30 days. information.". However, on October 13, 2009, Greenpeace held a press conference in Beijing to accuse the company of deliberately concealing pollution information. The pollution information of 25 factories including 18 companies including Samsung Electronics and Sinopec Corp. has not been disclosed in accordance with the law. These companies have been exposed on the Internet by the environmental protection department because of the excessive discharge of pollutants into water bodies. However, no enterprise has published pollutant discharge information within the prescribed time limit in accordance with the "Environmental Information Disclosure Method (Trial)" requirements, including chemical substances that are harmful to the human body. In addition, poor access to environmental pollution has also spawned frequent occurrence of heavy metal pollution incidents. Because of the secrecy of the environment and the chronic pollution, together with the inequality between the polluter and the victim (including financial and material resources, including public relations), the victim cannot take self-help measures and can only seek help from the environmental protection department. The environmental protection department, in the face of the negative response and the danger of "self-riot family ugliness" (due to the occurrence of pollution accidents, means ineffective supervision), often uses mediation and consolation to make both sides "event-oriented and small-scale." Some victims turned to legal means in the face of difficult administrative procedures. The treatment of pollution according to law is a successful experience abroad. There are 180,000 lakes in Finland, a country with thousands of lakes. The government has adopted legislation and strictly controls pollution according to law, and has severely contaminated water companies and air companies with large fines or even closed them. Environmental tribunals have been set up in countries such as South Africa and Kuwait to impose severe sanctions on environmental violators. However, at present, China's environmental public interest litigation is still at the exploratory and research stage. The public interest litigation mechanism is far from mature. It is difficult for individuals who are directly harmed by environmental pollution, and the “tug of war†between polluting companies and the implementation after winning are difficult for the people. Deterred.
Third, lack of targeted special treatment of heavy metal pollution
It is undeniable that the environmental protection of our country has achieved remarkable results in recent years with the country’s increasing attention to and the actual needs of social development. However, it is currently focused on air pollution, water pollution in key river basins and lakes, electronic product waste, solid waste, and hazardous waste. The focus of pollution control is on palliatives, mainly on the governance of polluted surfaces. For the pollution of these point sources caused by heavy metals that cause air pollution and water pollution, the country still lacks specific targeted measures. It is gratifying that after the frequent occurrence of heavy metal pollution incidents, the eight departments of China’s environmental protection, development and reform, industry credit, finance, national land, agriculture, public health, and the Central Propaganda Department are stepping up efforts to formulate an “Implementation Plan for Comprehensive Control of Heavy Metal Pollutionâ€. The standard for the maximum allowable emission of industrial wastewater from heavy metal industry and non-ferrous metal processing industry will be newly defined strictly. At the same time, the “sintering machine†currently used in lead smelters will be completely eliminated, and heavy metal pollution control will be implemented from four aspects: First, comprehensive Carry out inspections on heavy metal pollution prevention and control and focus on inspections of pollution control and hidden dangers in key areas, key industries, and key enterprises, and resolutely ban companies that do not comply with industrial policies; severe pollution and heavy and devastating environmental events Enterprises shall be shut down; for those enterprises that fail to achieve stable standards, they shall be ordered to rectify within a time limit. The second is to organize the preparation of heavy metal pollution prevention and control plans. The third is to apply for special funds for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution. The fourth is to strengthen the science of popularization of heavy metal hazards and health protection. The author believes that this will play a "stimulating" role in the treatment of heavy metal pollution. In addition, the contradiction between "standard sewage discharge" and excessive heavy metal content is also one of the causes of heavy metal pollution incidents. At present, China's standards for heavy metal pollution control and sewerage only consider the carrying capacity of the natural world such as water, air, and soil. For the human body, due to long-term and multi-faceted contact with water bodies, atmosphere, and soil, the company has achieved "drainage compliance" and The contradiction of human body with excessive heavy metal content. Therefore, the maximum allowable emission standard for industrial wastewater has yet to be redefined. Environmental awareness comes from the pain, and it is even more important to prevent the recurrence of pain. The analysis of the above reasons is only a personal opinion of the author. The reasons for the frequent occurrence of heavy metal pollution incidents are manifold. The key is to achieve the right medicine, prevention, and administration as the key. Only in this way can the treatment of heavy metal pollution be both a target and a root cause.
According to Southern Weekend report, in August and September 2009, Fengxiang in Shaanxi, Wugang in Hunan, and Shanghang in Fujian had successive incidents of lead poisoning. Before this, in July, the author's hometown of Liuyang broke out with malignant cadmium pollution incidents, which can not help but lament: pollution is actually close to us. The frequent outbreak of heavy metal pollution incidents brought us bursts of pain and at the same time we knocked on the environmental alarm bell. The incentive behind it deserves our exploration and reflection. Heavy metals are generally found in nature in natural concentrations. With the development of society, human activities for the extraction, smelting, processing and commercial manufacture of heavy metals are increasing. Many heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and cobalt enter the atmosphere and water. , In the soil, causing serious environmental pollution. Heavy metals that exist in various chemical or chemical forms will remain, accumulate, and migrate after entering the environment or ecosystem, causing damage. In daily life, heavy metals mostly enter the human body through the atmosphere, water, and food, causing chronic poisoning of the human body. Therefore, most heavy metal pollution incidents are discovered through blood tests. Serious heavy metal pollution incidents are increasingly frequent, I believe that there are mainly the following reasons:
I. Inadequate supervision of local environmental protection agencies
Local environmental protection agencies are the administrative agencies that take responsibility for local environmental management and law enforcement. Since environmental protection agencies do not belong to the central vertical management model, local environmental protection agencies are one of the constituent departments of local governments, and their departments do not rely on rankings. before. For a long time, people's property of the local environmental protection agencies was in the local government and the local government had a fairly long GDP and fiscal figures as batons during performance evaluation. Environmental protection was considered as a secondary or even negligible topic. Blind investment promotion has led some industrial parks to become a paradise for corporate pollution. Local environmental protection departments often adopt the policy of “keep one eye closed†in order to give consideration to their “human and financial property†subject to local government. Local government leaders require the environmental protection department to “close both eyesâ€. It is because the environmental protection department has long been met with cold shoulders. People's property is not properly protected. It has long been detached from various decision-making meetings and even local people’s congresses. The environmental protection departments themselves are often in a position of self-destruction and therefore have environmental protection. While watching the company's emissions, the department collects polluters from the polluters and negotiates a dilemma. The year 2006 was the first year of China's "Eleventh Five-Year Plan". The country proposed energy-saving, emission-reduction and pollution-reduction targets. For the first time, energy-saving and emission-reduction were taken as a hard target for government assessment. In spite of this, the inertia of the GDP appraisal and the short-sightedness of the local government as well as the pressure of economic development have all made the environment a victim. It is difficult to return for a time, potential environmental threats such as heavy metal pollution, and sudden and prone environmental incidents are ready to explode at any time. danger. In addition, the local environmental protection departments' “tweeps†and “fire-fighting†type of environmental supervision models are also one of the reasons for the poor supervision and control of the environmental protection department. The lack of human resources and the limitation of functional power in the local environmental protection departments often take the form of "negative treatment" and "governance mode". Environmental impact assessment often only stays at the initial stage of approval of the establishment of a company, and the supervision of environmental discharge after the company is put into production can save the province. Therefore, poor supervision by local encircling departments is the main reason for the frequent occurrence of heavy metal pollution.
Second, the public lack awareness of environmental protection, environmental relief channels are not smooth
In recent years, with the development of the social economy and the importance that society attaches to environmental protection, people have gradually raised their awareness of environmental protection in their personal understanding of the surrounding environment. Compared with the previous lack of awareness of environmental protection, the public’s awareness of environmental protection has increased initially. However, similar to the potential hidden pollution such as heavy metal pollution, people are not aware of the “professional†knowledge in this area, and there is a lack of awareness of pollution prevention in this area. Secondly, environmental information asymmetry is one of the reasons why people are still in “ignorance†when they face heavy metal pollution. On May 1, 2008, the Ministry of Environmental Protection began to implement the "Environmental Information Disclosure Procedures (Trial)", which stipulates that "The environmental protection department shall voluntarily disclose to the public the list of enterprises whose pollutants exceed the standard; enterprises shall disclose the pollutant discharge to the public within 30 days. information.". However, on October 13, 2009, Greenpeace held a press conference in Beijing to accuse the company of deliberately concealing pollution information. The pollution information of 25 factories including 18 companies including Samsung Electronics and Sinopec Corp. has not been disclosed in accordance with the law. These companies have been exposed on the Internet by the environmental protection department because of the excessive discharge of pollutants into water bodies. However, no enterprise has published pollutant discharge information within the prescribed time limit in accordance with the "Environmental Information Disclosure Method (Trial)" requirements, including chemical substances that are harmful to the human body. In addition, poor access to environmental pollution has also spawned frequent occurrence of heavy metal pollution incidents. Because of the secrecy of the environment and the chronic pollution, together with the inequality between the polluter and the victim (including financial and material resources, including public relations), the victim cannot take self-help measures and can only seek help from the environmental protection department. The environmental protection department, in the face of the negative response and the danger of "self-riot family ugliness" (due to the occurrence of pollution accidents, means ineffective supervision), often uses mediation and consolation to make both sides "event-oriented and small-scale." Some victims turned to legal means in the face of difficult administrative procedures. The treatment of pollution according to law is a successful experience abroad. There are 180,000 lakes in Finland, a country with thousands of lakes. The government has adopted legislation and strictly controls pollution according to law, and has severely contaminated water companies and air companies with large fines or even closed them. Environmental tribunals have been set up in countries such as South Africa and Kuwait to impose severe sanctions on environmental violators. However, at present, China's environmental public interest litigation is still at the exploratory and research stage. The public interest litigation mechanism is far from mature. It is difficult for individuals who are directly harmed by environmental pollution, and the “tug of war†between polluting companies and the implementation after winning are difficult for the people. Deterred.
Third, lack of targeted special treatment of heavy metal pollution
It is undeniable that the environmental protection of our country has achieved remarkable results in recent years with the country’s increasing attention to and the actual needs of social development. However, it is currently focused on air pollution, water pollution in key river basins and lakes, electronic product waste, solid waste, and hazardous waste. The focus of pollution control is on palliatives, mainly on the governance of polluted surfaces. For the pollution of these point sources caused by heavy metals that cause air pollution and water pollution, the country still lacks specific targeted measures. It is gratifying that after the frequent occurrence of heavy metal pollution incidents, the eight departments of China’s environmental protection, development and reform, industry credit, finance, national land, agriculture, public health, and the Central Propaganda Department are stepping up efforts to formulate an “Implementation Plan for Comprehensive Control of Heavy Metal Pollutionâ€. The standard for the maximum allowable emission of industrial wastewater from heavy metal industry and non-ferrous metal processing industry will be newly defined strictly. At the same time, the “sintering machine†currently used in lead smelters will be completely eliminated, and heavy metal pollution control will be implemented from four aspects: First, comprehensive Carry out inspections on heavy metal pollution prevention and control and focus on inspections of pollution control and hidden dangers in key areas, key industries, and key enterprises, and resolutely ban companies that do not comply with industrial policies; severe pollution and heavy and devastating environmental events Enterprises shall be shut down; for those enterprises that fail to achieve stable standards, they shall be ordered to rectify within a time limit. The second is to organize the preparation of heavy metal pollution prevention and control plans. The third is to apply for special funds for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution. The fourth is to strengthen the science of popularization of heavy metal hazards and health protection. The author believes that this will play a "stimulating" role in the treatment of heavy metal pollution. In addition, the contradiction between "standard sewage discharge" and excessive heavy metal content is also one of the causes of heavy metal pollution incidents. At present, China's standards for heavy metal pollution control and sewerage only consider the carrying capacity of the natural world such as water, air, and soil. For the human body, due to long-term and multi-faceted contact with water bodies, atmosphere, and soil, the company has achieved "drainage compliance" and The contradiction of human body with excessive heavy metal content. Therefore, the maximum allowable emission standard for industrial wastewater has yet to be redefined. Environmental awareness comes from the pain, and it is even more important to prevent the recurrence of pain. The analysis of the above reasons is only a personal opinion of the author. The reasons for the frequent occurrence of heavy metal pollution incidents are manifold. The key is to achieve the right medicine, prevention, and administration as the key. Only in this way can the treatment of heavy metal pollution be both a target and a root cause.
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