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Brief Discussion on Rolling Bearing Oscillation Tester
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The fundamental problem of bearing oscillation theory is to deal with; the oscillation spectrum of the whole bearing is determined according to the harmonic spectrum of the raceway and the external surface of the rollover. The characteristic of the bearing oscillation spectrum is that the spectral line is dense everywhere; the amplitude of the single frequency point is significant; the bearing The same harmonic of the oscillating spectrum can be determined by various combinations of the track and roll waviness harmonics and a single defect. Therefore, according to the parameters of the bearing oscillation spectrum, it is concluded that the shortcomings of the oscillations are multi-valued; Valueless; therefore, it is also unsolvable.
The reason for the oscillation of the rolling bearing is very messy; many theoretical discussions and experimental studies indicate that the fundamental vibration source of the rolling bearing is: circular error and waviness of the raceway and the rolling body, and the raceway and the rolling body roughness of the smooth oil film in the contact area are damaged. The microscopic bulging of the external interaction, the contamination of the impurity particles, the change of the stiffness when the bearing rotates, and the sway of the cage when it rotates.
Deep groove ball bearings have the widest application range; how to reduce the oscillation and noise of deep groove ball bearings has many sophisticated methods. These methods include: roundness of progressive raceway; waviness and roughness, and waviness; Roughness and spherical errors are better and the steel ball strengthened by the appearance controls the surface diameter; the surface groove diameter; the steel ball gauge value and the bearing clearance scale public service error, the low-oscillation low-noise smooth grease is selected. Select the groove radius of the groove in the table and improve the groove shape error, improve the cleanliness, use the plastic cage, choose the shape of the pocket as a true circle; the pocket clearance is better than the one.åŸ½æŽ åŸ½æŽ åŸ½æŽ é¥© å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›± å›±
Second, the bearing vibrometer measuring principle When the bearing is measured, the inner ring rotates at a certain stable speed; the outer ring is fixed; the sensor contacts the outer ring of the bearing and oscillates with the outer ring. The sensor converts the picked mechanical signal into an electrical signal. And sent to the electronic measuring instrument; after the calculation and disposal; the electronic measuring instrument displays the oscillation value (effective value; peak value) on the meter head; the oscillation waveform is displayed on the oscilloscope; the oscillation noise is sounded through the speaker.
The bearing vibrometer is mainly composed of five parts: one is the spindle system; the function is to drive the inner ring of the bearing to rotate. The second is the radial and axial loading equipment; the function is to fix the outer ring of the bearing; and give a certain pre-tightening force. Deep groove ball bearings; only axial loading; cylindrical roller bearings; radial loading. Third, sensor adjustment equipment; the role is to make the sensor move up and down sensitively; the sensor should be in the proper orientation when measuring. Fourth is the sensor The role is to pick up the bearing oscillating signal. The fifth is the electronic measuring instrument; the function is to calculate the oscillating signal; and it is revealed by the value p waveform and sound.
Third, the bearing vibration meter classification bearing vibration meter according to the type of bearing tested; can be divided into deep groove ball bearing vibration meter p tapered roller bearing vibration detector p-axis bearing vibration meter and so on.
The bearing vibrometer is divided into large scale according to the measured bearing scale; it can be divided into miniature bearing vibrometer, small bearing vibrometer; medium-sized bearing vibrometer; large bearing vibrometer. Large-scale vibrometer has large spindle scale and low speed.
The bearing vibrometer is divided into physical parameters indicating oscillation; it can be divided into acceleration vibrometer and speed vibrometer. The former uses speed sensor to pick up bearing oscillation signal; electronic measuring instrument divides three frequency bands, the latter uses accelerometer; electronic measurement The instrument frequency band is a single frequency band (50Hz-10KHz).
Fourth, the fundamental requirements of the bearing vibrometer The fundamental requirements of the vibrometer; summed up one sentence: the measured value must be accurate; the noise should be clear. To do this; must pay attention to the following aspects:
1. The bearing vibration meter itself oscillates, that is, the base oscillation is low.
2. The spindle rotation precision is high; the low noise is measured; especially the vibration meter of the silent bearing; the spindle rotation precision is usually controlled in the radial runout error <1um; the axial runout error is <3um; the very high spindle rotation accuracy is measured The value is a credible guarantee.
3, the spindle stiffness is large; the spindle stiffness is good; that means the measured value is stable and repeatable.
4, the spindle transformation should be sensitive and simple; there should be no blocking appearance; the spindle with good sensitivity to change the resolution is high; the noise sounds clear and expressive.
5. The axial load is coaxial with the spindle center line of the spindle; the radial load must pass through the center of the bearing; the bearing is guaranteed to work smoothly.
6, the electronic measuring instrument can resist strong dryness; follow the progress of bearing quality; the oscillating signal is getting smaller and smaller; especially the silent bearing; the oscillating signal is getting smaller, which puts higher demand on the anti-interference function of electronic instruments.
7. The calibration of the electronic measuring instrument should be correct; the measured value should be realistic; it should not be too large; nor can it be artificially reduced.
8. The amplitude-frequency characteristic of the sensor should be flat in the range of 50Hz to 10KHz.
V. Development trend of bearing vibrometers Most domestic vibrometers are manually operated; followed by the development of test skills and the improvement of bearing oscillation theory; future vibrometers are moving towards automation and intelligence. Active means bearings Active feeding and unloading; active rotation; active multi-point test. To do this is not a high climb; in fact; semi-active vibration meter has been successfully developed and put into use; but to develop a sound active measurement Vibrometer; there is still a long way to go. The fundamental problem to be solved by the intelligent vibrometer is how to actively identify the manufacturing defects of the bearing. The problem of the large oscillation of the bearing is still the outer ring. Is the roll still grease? For example, the vibrometer can actively identify this; this is a boon for bearing manufacturers to control the quality. Unfortunately, although many people are exploring this problem; but so far; there are no success stories in the world; the key reason is the bearing oscillation The theory of the fundamental theory has not been perfected; many existing mathematical models of bearing oscillations have certain limitations. The analysis of the characteristic frequency of the bearing helps to further understand the essence of the oscillation; the signal analysis method in the time domain and the frequency domain is to study the bearing oscillation signal. Provided convenience; relying on them to develop intelligent vibrometers is still in the trial period.
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