Airbus, as an aircraft manufacturer based on the previous production of large civilian aircrafts using friction stir welding technology, has introduced the technology into the manufacture of the A340 and has been used on a large scale in the manufacture of the A350. Airbus uses friction stir welding technology for the fuselage longitudinal joints of A340-500s and A340-600s to replace traditional riveting.
This technology allows the A350's design team to reduce the length of the longitudinal seam joint fuselage panel from eight to four. This will reduce weight and improve the service life of the aircraft and the maintainability of the components.
6013-T4 aluminum alloy is a new type of aluminum alloy researched and developed by Alcoa. Its initial application target is the automotive industry, which can improve fuel efficiency by reducing the weight of parts. The alloy has better corrosion resistance than the high-strength 7XXX series alloy, and its strength is higher than that of the ordinary 6XXX series alloy and maintains excellent corrosion resistance and formability. Therefore, the alloy has aerospace, aerospace, shipbuilding, transportation and construction departments, etc. A wide range of uses. The Lockheed Aviation Equipment Corporation of the United States has selected 6013 board as the main skin material and part of the structural material of the aircraft aluminum alloy to replace the traditional 2024 alloy sheet. Airbus is now using 6013 aluminum alloy as the lower wall of the A380 fuselage. The material of the board is prone to defects such as blowholes due to the traditional welding method. Laser welding of 6013 aluminum alloy is currently used abroad, but the strength of the welded joint is not high (usually between 70% and 80% of the parent material), equipment and work The high cost and reflection of the material by the laser result in low laser absorption, voids, cracks, and undercuts.
Friction stir welding is a new type of solid phase connection technology, which does not cause defects such as cracks and pores that are common in fusion welding. It does not require welding wire and shielding gas in the welding process; the deformation of the workpiece after welding is small and the residual stress is small; the welding cost Low, efficient, easy to automate. It is noteworthy that the use of friction stir welding of the fuselage lower wall can not only effectively avoid the common defects of fusion welding, but also have unique advantages in improving work efficiency and reducing production costs. As a kind of aeronautical aluminum alloy, 6013 aluminum alloy has successfully developed the friction stir welding process, which is of great significance to the application of extended friction stir welding in aviation.
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