CNC EDM wire cutting machine is not only a CNC machine tool, but also a special machine tool. It is different from the traditional machine tool part: 1. CNC device and servo system. 2. It does not rely on mechanical energy to cut the workpiece through the tool, but in the form of electricity and heat energy. To process. EDM is a relatively mature process in special processing. It has been widely used in civil, defense production departments and scientific research. Its machine tools are relatively stereotyped and of many types, but they can be divided into six according to the characteristics and uses of the relative movement of tools and workpieces in the process. The largest category, which is the most widely used, is the EDM machine and the EDM machine. Here we introduce the WEDM machine.
The electric discharge wire cutting process is based on the electric discharge machining, and the wire is cut by a wire electrode molybdenum wire or a copper wire by a spark discharge, so it is called wire electric discharge cutting, sometimes referred to as wire cutting.
The control system is an important part of the WEDM process. The stability, reliability, control accuracy and automation of the control system directly affect the processing technology indicators and the labor intensity of the workers.
One. Types of CNC machining and special machining machines
There are two methods for classifying CNC machine tools: 1. According to the control system classification, there are three kinds of position control, linear control and continuous control. 2. According to the servo system, there are open loop, semi-closed loop and closed loop control systems.
Traditional cutting methods rely mainly on mechanical energy to cut metal or non-metallic materials. With the development of industrial production and science and technology, a variety of special processing methods using other energy forms for processing have been produced, mainly referring to the direct use of electrical energy, chemical energy, acoustic energy and light energy for processing. Here, the application of energy forms other than mechanical energy is a significant sign that special processing differs from conventional processing.
The new energy form acts directly on the material, which makes the processing have many characteristics. For example, the hardness of the tool used for processing does not need to be greater than the hardness of the material to be processed, which makes the processing of high hardness, high strength and high toughness materials easy; For example, during machining, there is no significant mechanical cutting force between the tool and the workpiece, making micromachining possible. It is these characteristics that have led to great development of special processing methods, which have been widely used in aerospace, electronics, power, electrical, instrumentation, machinery and other industries.
Special processing types are mainly classified according to their energy sources and working principles, mainly including:
Electricity, thermal energy: EDM, electron beam processing, plasma beam processing;
Electrical and mechanical energy: ion beam processing;
Electrical and chemical energy: electrolytic processing, electropolishing;
Electrical, chemical, mechanical energy: electrolytic grinding, electrolytic honing, anode mechanical grinding;
Light, heat: laser processing;
Chemical energy: chemical processing, chemical polishing;
Sound and mechanical energy: ultrasonic processing;
Mechanical energy: abrasive jet processing, abrasive flow processing, liquid jet processing.
Electron beam and ion beam processing and simultaneous processing using several processing methods.
two. The principle and prerequisites of WEDM
The wire electric discharge machining process uses the tool electrode (molybdenum wire) and the electric corrosion phenomenon generated during the pulse discharge between the two poles of the workpiece to size the workpiece. Main cause of spark erosion: When the two electrodes are close in the insulating liquid, the microscopic surface of the two electrodes is uneven, and the electric field distribution is not uniform. The electric field at the nearest bump is the highest, and the interpolar medium is broken down to form a discharge. The channel, the current rises rapidly. Under the action of the electric field, the negative electrons in the channel rush to the anode at high speed, and the positive ions rush to the cathode to form a spark discharge. The electrons and ions collide with each other under the action of the electric field, and the anode and cathode surfaces are bombarded by the electron current and the ion current respectively. The instantaneous high-temperature heat source is formed in the gap of the electrode, and the center temperature of the channel reaches 10000 degrees or more. The local metallic material is melted and vaporized.
The WEDM can operate normally and must meet the following conditions:
1. A certain gap must be maintained between the molybdenum wire and the machined surface of the workpiece. The width of the gap is determined by the working conditions such as working voltage and processing amount.
2. When the WEDM machine is processed, it must be carried out in a liquid medium with certain insulation properties, such as kerosene, saponified oil, deionized water, etc. It is required to teach high insulation to facilitate the generation of pulsed spark discharge, liquid medium. It also eliminates the effects of electrolytic corrosion products and cooling electrodes in the gap. The molybdenum wire and the workpiece are kept at a certain gap between the processed surfaces. If the gap is too large, the interelectrode voltage cannot penetrate the interpolar medium, and the spark discharge cannot be generated. If the gap is too small, the short circuit connection is easily formed, and the electric power cannot be generated. Spark discharge
The electric discharge wire cutting process is based on the electric discharge machining, and the wire is cut by a wire electrode molybdenum wire or a copper wire by a spark discharge, so it is called wire electric discharge cutting, sometimes referred to as wire cutting.
The control system is an important part of the WEDM process. The stability, reliability, control accuracy and automation of the control system directly affect the processing technology indicators and the labor intensity of the workers.
One. Types of CNC machining and special machining machines
There are two methods for classifying CNC machine tools: 1. According to the control system classification, there are three kinds of position control, linear control and continuous control. 2. According to the servo system, there are open loop, semi-closed loop and closed loop control systems.
Traditional cutting methods rely mainly on mechanical energy to cut metal or non-metallic materials. With the development of industrial production and science and technology, a variety of special processing methods using other energy forms for processing have been produced, mainly referring to the direct use of electrical energy, chemical energy, acoustic energy and light energy for processing. Here, the application of energy forms other than mechanical energy is a significant sign that special processing differs from conventional processing.
The new energy form acts directly on the material, which makes the processing have many characteristics. For example, the hardness of the tool used for processing does not need to be greater than the hardness of the material to be processed, which makes the processing of high hardness, high strength and high toughness materials easy; For example, during machining, there is no significant mechanical cutting force between the tool and the workpiece, making micromachining possible. It is these characteristics that have led to great development of special processing methods, which have been widely used in aerospace, electronics, power, electrical, instrumentation, machinery and other industries.
Special processing types are mainly classified according to their energy sources and working principles, mainly including:
Electricity, thermal energy: EDM, electron beam processing, plasma beam processing;
Electrical and mechanical energy: ion beam processing;
Electrical and chemical energy: electrolytic processing, electropolishing;
Electrical, chemical, mechanical energy: electrolytic grinding, electrolytic honing, anode mechanical grinding;
Light, heat: laser processing;
Chemical energy: chemical processing, chemical polishing;
Sound and mechanical energy: ultrasonic processing;
Mechanical energy: abrasive jet processing, abrasive flow processing, liquid jet processing.
Electron beam and ion beam processing and simultaneous processing using several processing methods.
two. The principle and prerequisites of WEDM
The wire electric discharge machining process uses the tool electrode (molybdenum wire) and the electric corrosion phenomenon generated during the pulse discharge between the two poles of the workpiece to size the workpiece. Main cause of spark erosion: When the two electrodes are close in the insulating liquid, the microscopic surface of the two electrodes is uneven, and the electric field distribution is not uniform. The electric field at the nearest bump is the highest, and the interpolar medium is broken down to form a discharge. The channel, the current rises rapidly. Under the action of the electric field, the negative electrons in the channel rush to the anode at high speed, and the positive ions rush to the cathode to form a spark discharge. The electrons and ions collide with each other under the action of the electric field, and the anode and cathode surfaces are bombarded by the electron current and the ion current respectively. The instantaneous high-temperature heat source is formed in the gap of the electrode, and the center temperature of the channel reaches 10000 degrees or more. The local metallic material is melted and vaporized.
The WEDM can operate normally and must meet the following conditions:
1. A certain gap must be maintained between the molybdenum wire and the machined surface of the workpiece. The width of the gap is determined by the working conditions such as working voltage and processing amount.
2. When the WEDM machine is processed, it must be carried out in a liquid medium with certain insulation properties, such as kerosene, saponified oil, deionized water, etc. It is required to teach high insulation to facilitate the generation of pulsed spark discharge, liquid medium. It also eliminates the effects of electrolytic corrosion products and cooling electrodes in the gap. The molybdenum wire and the workpiece are kept at a certain gap between the processed surfaces. If the gap is too large, the interelectrode voltage cannot penetrate the interpolar medium, and the spark discharge cannot be generated. If the gap is too small, the short circuit connection is easily formed, and the electric power cannot be generated. Spark discharge
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