Another important issue is nanometer measurement. Only accurate measurements can be made to ensure that the manufactured nanodevice meets the required requirements. Capacitive sensors, optical interferometers, and X-ray interferometers achieve resolutions of 10 pm (1 pm = 10-12 m), 80 pm, and 2 pm, respectively. But for measurement, it must be traceable, that is, the definition of the meter can be passed to the object under test. The National Physical Laboratory (NPL), the German National Institute of Physics and Technology (PTB), and the Italian National Metrology Institute are jointly developing a large-scale nanometer measuring instrument that combines a laser interferometer with an X-ray diffractometer. It uses the lattice constant of silicon 220 (0.192015497nm at 100 kPa and 22.5 °C) to subdivide the laser wavelength to achieve sub-nanometer resolution.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) have developed three-dimensional measuring machines with nanometer resolution.
In short, the 21st century machinery manufacturing industry will be informatized, intelligent, networked, integrated, and innovative green manufacturing. Bio-manufacturing technology, MEMS and nanotechnology will be the leading technology in the 21st century machinery manufacturing industry.
In the development of machinery manufacturing, talent and education are the key. New talents should not only have a broad and solid foundation, but also have a strong ability to work and the ability to learn new knowledge. It is necessary to have certain special talents, comprehensive knowledge, innovative ability and spirit. There must also be a high degree of social responsibility and a spirit of cooperation. Education and learning will be lifelong.
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