Personal emergency emergency knowledge

A, fracture

Fractures can occur either in peacetime or during exercise. The causes of fractures can be classified as traumatic.

And pathological two categories, traumatic fractures are more common.

Emergency points >>>

● Use both hands to stabilize and support the injured area, limit the movement of the fracture site, place a cushion, and properly fix the injured limb with a bandage, splint, or substitute.

● If the upper limb is injured, the injured limb is fixed on the chest ; forearm injury can be suspended from the neck with a book, etc., to provide temporary protection. Don't try to stand with a broken lower limb, place the injured and healthy limbs together and band them together . Spinal fractures should place the patient on a stretcher and carry it horizontally. Do not allow the patient to move in a bent position to avoid injury. spinal cord.

● Should raise the injured limb and reduce swelling.

● If the injured limb is distorted, the injured limb can be straightened along the axis of the skeleton by traction ; if it causes severe pain or whitening of the skin, it should stop immediately.

●After the bandaging is completed, if the injured person suffers from paralysis or pulse disappearance, the bandage should be released immediately.

● If there is dirt in the wound, do not wash it with water, use drugs, and do not try to reset the broken bone that is exposed outside the wound. The wound should be covered with sterile gauze and then properly bandaged.

● If foreign matter has been embedded in the wound, do not remove it. You can apply dressings on both sides of the foreign body to directly stop the bleeding, raise the injured area, and bandage around the foreign body. Be careful not to push foreign objects into the wound and cause more damage.

● Call 120 emergency phone for help.

Expert Tips >>>

â—† Pay attention to the rescue action and do not increase the injuries.

â—† Pay attention to sterilization and do not infect the wound or cause tetanus.

Second, foreign body obstruction of the respiratory tract

Respiratory foreign body obstruction refers to an obstruction or disorder of the airways caused by acute external or internal causes. If the airway obstruction cannot be quickly resolved, complete breathing will occur and the heartbeat will stop.

Emergency points >>>

● The ambulancemen can stand behind the patient and hold the patient's waist with both hands. The fist is in one hand. One side of the thumb is pressed against the patient's upper abdomen under the xiphoid process. The navel is slightly above, and the other hand presses against the fist-handed hand. Firmly press the patient's abdomen to press inwards quickly.

● When the patient is unclear and falls unconscious, the ambulanceman should face the patient. The two legs should be placed on both sides of the patient's body and the hands should be placed on top. The bottom of the palm should be placed under the xiphoid process on the patient's upper abdomen and the navel should be slightly above. The patient's upper abdomen is pressed rapidly inwards.

● When infants and young children have foreign body obstruction of the respiratory tract, they must face the child face down, head below the body, placed on the forearm of the rescuer, and then support the forearm above the thigh, using the same hand to support the child's head, neck On the chest, the back of the child's scapula was patted with the other hand, causing it to spit out foreign material. If it does not work, turn the child over and place it upside down on your thigh, hold it on your back, lower your head and use your index finger and middle finger to press down on your lower chest ( a horizontal finger below the midpoint of the line between the two nipples). ) Repeatedly performing back and chest compressions until foreign matter is discharged

● For persons with respiratory arrest, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation should be performed after the foreign body is discharged.

Expert Tips >>>

â—† When children or elderly persons are obstructed by the foreign body, take rescue measures immediately and call 120 emergency phone for help.

â—† In the event of an accident in a pregnant woman or obese person, the lower part of the sternum should be pressed vertically.

Third, CPR

Cardiopulmonary , respiratory arrest first aid, referred to as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, artificial chest compression and mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration are usually used.

Emergency points >>>

● At the same time that any emergency begins, you should call the 120 emergency number in time.

● Before rescue, the rescuer must first ensure the safety of the site, determine the patient's breathing, the pulse does stop, and then perform the rescue.

● The rescuer first puts the patient supine on a solid plane, and then naturally separates his legs, shoulder-width apart, and falls on the side between the patient's shoulder and waist.

● Resuscitation method : Hold the patient's nose on both sides with one hand. Raise the patient's jaw with the other index finger and middle finger. Take a deep breath and use the mouth to breathe in the patient's mouth. Relax the nostrils after the air-blowing stops and let the patient call from the nostrils. gas. Repeatedly. Adult patients 14 to 16 times per minute . Children are 20 times per minute . The initial 6 to 7 times of blowing can be faster, and later it turns to normal speed. At the same time, the chest of the patient must be observed. Correct operation should be able to see the chest ups and downs, and feel the air flow escape.

● Thoracic cardiac compression : Let the patient's head and chest lie in the same horizontal plane, preferably lying on a hard surface. The rescuer's left palm root is placed in the lower half of the patient's sternum, and the right palm is placed on the back of the left hand. With the arm straight, use the weight of the body part to vertically press the chest 3 to 5 cm ( child 3 cm , infant 2 cm ) and relax. Do not leave the patient's chest while relaxing. Extrusion should be smooth, regular, and uninterrupted. The time to press down and relax should be roughly equal. Frequency for adults 80 to 100 times per minute, every minute l00 children, infants 120 times per minute.

Expert Tips >>>

â—† Cardiopulmonary resuscitation can be performed when the cardiac arrest is not long (within 3 to 4 minutes ) .

â—† When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the patient should be supine on a flat or hard plate.

Fourth, chest and abdomen trauma

When a sharp weapon pierced the chest, abdomen or intestinal accident, it cannot be handled arbitrarily, so as not to endanger the lives of the injured due to excessive bleeding or severe organ infection.

Emergency points >>>

● The weapon that has pierced the chest and abdomen must not be taken out. Look for something to fix the weapon nearby and immediately send the injured to the hospital.

●Because the abdomen has caused the bowel to escape from the body, do not return the prolapsed bowel to the abdominal cavity. Should be covered in the gut out of sterile gauze or disinfection cloth, and then use a clean bowl or basin buckle on the wound, with a bandage or tape fixed, and quickly sent to the hospital.

● Call 120 emergency calls in time.

Expert Tips >>>

â—† If you pull out a weapon that pierced the chest and abdomen, it will cause massive bleeding to the wounded and endanger life.

â—† If you return the bowel to the abdomen, you can easily cause serious infections.

Fifth, eye burns

Accidental exposure to various chemical solutions or dust, or inadvertent exposure to strong chemical gases, can cause eye burns.

Emergency points >>>

● After the eyes have been burned with chemicals, rinse eyes with plenty of fresh water such as tap water and distilled water as soon as possible.

● Do not splash and unharmed eyes when flushing.

● The entire face can be soaked in water, continuous blinking and closed eyes.

● After washing, cover the injured eye with a clean dressing and quickly go to the hospital.

Expert Tips >>>

â—† Injury to the eyes, rinse immediately with fresh water on the spot.

â—† Do not rub your eyes with your hands.

â—† After flushing yourself, you still need to go to the hospital for treatment.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.