The general point of view is that agricultural photovoltaic land belongs to agricultural land for facilities, that is, land for facilities directly used for agricultural production within the area of ​​facility agricultural projects. It belongs to the active support scope of the Ministry of Land and Resources. According to the implementation management of agricultural land, there is no need to apply for special approval for agricultural land. formalities. Where agricultural land is occupied by facilities for agricultural purposes, land reclamation shall be carried out as required after completion of production.
However, there are still differences in this view. According to reports, the Yunnan Provincial Department of Land and Resources and the Department of Agriculture of Yunnan Province, the joint research group in the management of agricultural land management, believes that according to the current policy of the Ministry of Land and Resources, agricultural photovoltaic land is a construction land, and agricultural land conversion and land acquisition procedures should be handled. . According to this explanation, the investment cost of the agricultural photovoltaic project land will increase by at least 5%. If the land used is arable land, it also needs to fulfill the farmland balance obligation.
If agricultural PV belongs to construction land, according to the price of construction land in general county level, power station investors will face the following new costs:
1. New construction land use fees paid: 8 yuan / square meter;
2. Flood protection security fund: 1,000 yuan/mu;
3. Land acquisition management fee: 4% of the total land acquisition fee;
4. Transfer fees: benchmark land price × land area × 1%;
5. Cultivated land reclamation fee: annual output value (1500 yuan) (average output value in three years) × 9 times = 13,500 yuan/mu.
In actual practice, agricultural photovoltaic projects usually adopt the land lease or photovoltaic power generation benefit sharing model. Therefore, even if it is qualified as construction land, most of the projects do not need to pay land acquisition management fees and land transfer fees. However, the newly added compensation fees for construction land, flood control security funds, and cultivated land reclamation fees are indispensable. Usually, the area of ​​each 1MW photovoltaic power station is about 30 mu. Because of the large array spacing of agricultural photovoltaic projects, each 1 MW power station covers an area of ​​about 50 mu.
According to this calculation, under the definition of construction land attributes, the land cost per 100MW agricultural photovoltaic project needs to increase up to 99 million yuan, equivalent to a direct investment cost increase of about 12%. At present, the average IRR of agricultural photovoltaic projects is about 11%. The increase in land cost will lead to a direct drop of IRR by 1 percentage point, and the cost of electricity will increase by 3 cents.
Although the property of agricultural photovoltaic land is temporarily inconclusive, investors have already done a good job in responding to policy risks. A developer representative who developed a large-scale agricultural photovoltaic project in Yunnan pointed out that the best way to reduce the risk of land policies is to reduce the occupancy of land per unit of installed capacity, which requires the use of high-grade components with higher conversion rates. At present, the 60-type module capable of large-scale supply on the market has a power range of 255W-275W, and the best one can reach 280W.
To build power plants of the same size, relatively efficient components with relatively inefficient components can save 5%-8.5% of the land area. For 100MW power plants, this means that under the qualitative nature of construction land, the use of high-efficiency components can save 5-8 million yuan. Land cost. In other investment costs, the current price difference between high-efficiency and low-efficiency components is less than 0.09 yuan/W, while the relatively low-efficiency components of high-efficiency components can save EPC costs above 0.1 yuan/W. Some of the agricultural photovoltaic projects require the height of brackets and the spacing between arrays of components. Very high, in this case efficient components can even save 0.12-0.15 yuan / W EPC cost.
At present, most of the components that can achieve 275-280W power in China are single crystal components. From the perspective of investment costs, the use of single crystal components can minimize land policy risks.
The saving of land costs by high-efficiency components is also reflected in the forest land photovoltaic project. According to the "Regulations on Adjusting Forest Vegetation Restoration Fee Collection Standards to Guide the Use of Forest Land for Conservation and Intensification," the minimum standards for vegetation restoration fees for suitable forest lands and shrub lands are respectively 2,000 yuan/mu and 4,000 yuan/mu. Due to the highly intensive nature of single-crystal modules, a 100-megawatt single-crystal power plant can save 400-800,000 yuan in vegetation restoration costs compared to polycrystalline plants.
At the Photovoltaic Agricultural Industry Development Conference in Hohhot on November 10 this year, Wang Haiyan, senior engineer of the China North Electric Power Design Institute of China Power Engineering Consulting Group pointed out that many photovoltaic agricultural projects have not been implemented, and most of the projects are for photovoltaic companies to develop photovoltaic power plants. The development of agriculture, and the combination of true photovoltaic and agriculture should highlight the comprehensive effect of 1+1>2. With the premise of efficient use of land, the output of agricultural products should be guaranteed while ensuring the amount of photovoltaic power generation. Enhancing the application of high-efficiency single-crystal modules is undoubtedly the best means to promote the efficient use of land.
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