According to foreign media New Atlas, although researchers have previously developed “deformed†structural materials, they usually incorporate solenoid valves, pumps, or motors, adding weight and complexity. Now, however, scientists have developed a carbon fiber composite material that can change shape by simply applying electricity.
This three-layer solid material was created by a team at the Royal Swedish Institute of Technology. It consists of two sheets of lithium-ion-doped carbon fibers and is sandwiched by a sheet of solid electrolyte.
The latter is more precisely "structured battery electrolyte". When low-voltage direct current passes through it, ions will migrate from one layer of carbon fiber to another layer (through the electrolyte). This causes the discharge layer of the carbon fiber to shrink while expanding the charge layer. Therefore, the entire piece of material will bend to one side. Even after the current is removed, the composite material still maintains this shape. However, if the current is reversed in the subsequent charge, the lithium ions will migrate in the opposite direction. Depending on the voltage, this will cause the composite to bend backwards, either returning to a neutral planar shape, or bending to the other side.
This material is very light, but is also considered to be harder than aluminum. Once further developed, it may be applied to deformed aircraft wings that do not require ailerons, or wind turbine blades that change shape to achieve maximum efficiency at different wind speeds.
"We have been conducting research on structural batteries for some time. For example, carbon fiber composite materials can also store energy like lithium ion batteries," said Professor Dan Zenkert, co-author of the research paper. "Now, we have further developed this work. We expect it to lead to materials that change shape only by electrical control, which are also lightweight and rigid materials, resulting in a completely new concept."
This paper was recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
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