Compound fertilizer has increased production and income than single fertilizer, which has been recognized by farmers. However, how to purchase high-quality compound fertilizer to achieve the purpose of increasing production and saving money has not yet been mastered by the majority of farmers. Therefore, how to purchase high-quality compound fertilizer according to soil characteristics, fertilizer characteristics, agricultural production status, etc. is what farmers need to understand and master; in addition, knowing how to identify good and bad compound fertilizer can effectively avoid false fat farmer incidents. occur. The two aspects are summarized as the following "ten strokes":
The first measure: scientific selection of compound fertilizer according to soil properties
For soils with slightly alkaline and low organic matter content (the soil pH is generally around 8.0) and effective nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, acidic compound fertilizers such as monoammonium phosphate or humic acid NPK fertilizers and nitrogen and phosphorus should generally be used. Compound fertilizer is appropriate. However, for a small number of red clay or acid brown loam, alkaline compound fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate should be used.
The second measure: scientific selection of compound fertilizers based on crop varieties
Generally, the field crops use NPK compound fertilizer, wheat high-yield fields should use NPK ternary compound fertilizer; wheat, rice, millet and other close crops, suitable for powder compound fertilizer; thin planting crops such as corn should use granular Compound fertilizer; vegetables, especially fruit and vegetables, root vegetables and fruit trees, etc. need more cash crops, should use NPK compound fertilizer with higher potassium and low nitrogen.
The third measure: scientific selection of compound fertilizer according to the nature of fertilizer
At present, a considerable portion of the marketed compound fertilizers do not meet the national GB15063-94 standard. National standards stipulate that the effective nutrient content of compound fertilizer (composite fertilizer), the total concentration of high-concentration NPK ≥40%, the low concentration of NPK ≥25%, excluding trace elements and medium elements; water-soluble phosphorus content ≥ 40%, the water molecule content is less than 5%; the particle size is 1-4.75 mm. Therefore, in addition to looking at the trademark and nutrient content when purchasing compound fertilizer, it is also necessary to pay attention to the manufacturer and the place of origin. In addition, there are two kinds of potassium in the compound fertilizer, one is potassium chloride and the other is potassium sulfate. Potassium chloride contains chlorine, which is not suitable for chlorine-free crops. Where there is no "S" symbol on the composite fertilizer bag, the potassium is potassium chloride, and the chlorine crops such as grapes, potatoes, tobacco, beets, etc. must not be applied. The fertilizer bag must be marked with the "S" symbol. Compound fertilizer, a compound fertilizer composed of potassium sulfate.
The fourth measure: scientific selection of compound fertilizer according to fertilization method
In order to improve the fertilizer efficiency of the compound fertilizer, different application methods should be selected for different dosage forms of compound fertilizer. Granular compound fertilizer must be used as base fertilizer, and the higher the hardness of the pellet, the better the fertilizer. The compound fertilizer composed of ammonium nitrogen in the compound fertilizer is beneficial to increase the utilization rate of nitrogen. For topdressing application, powdered compound fertilizer should be used, and it should be noted that the water-soluble phosphorus content of compound fertilizer should be more than 40%, and nitrogen should be combined with NH4- and NO3- nitrogen. Generally, the effect of humic acid compound fertilizer is better than the effect of topdressing.
The fifth measure: see if the fertilizer is double-layered, and whether the three certificates are complete and effective.
The three certificates are: production license, fertilizer registration certificate, and product certification. Then look at the outer packaging bag marked with the trademark, number, standard code, total nutrient content, the name and address of the production company, and finally see whether the fertilizer particles in the inner packaging bag are consistent, no large lumps, less powder. If used with Canadian potash, red fine potassium fertilizer particles can be seen. A compound fertilizer with a high nitrogen content, which can be stored for a period of time, with many white or colorless fine crystals attached to the surface of the fertilizer. This crystal is formed by the moisture absorption of urea and potassium chloride. Inferior compound fertilizer does not have this phenomenon.
Sixth trick: grab half a handful of compound fertilizer
The national standard stipulates that the moisture content of low-concentration compound fertilizer should be less than or equal to 5%. If the moisture content exceeds this index, the feeling of grasping in the hand is sticky, and the second is that it can be kneaded into a cake shape, which will inevitably make the fertilizer particles resist pressure. The strength is reduced, and the nature of slow release of compound fertilizer is lost. Grab the compound with half a hand, leave a layer of grayish white powder on the hand and have a good feeling of adhesion. If the particles are touched, the fine white crystals are also shown to be of high quality. The inferior compound fertilizer is mostly gray-black powder, has no sticky feeling, and has no white crystals in the particles.
Seventh trick: burn with a fire
Take a small amount of compound fertilizer on the iron sheet and put it on the open flame to burn. There is ammonia smell indicating nitrogen, and a yellow flame indicates potassium. And the more ammonia smell, the yellower the yellow flame, indicating that the higher the nitrogen and potassium content, the better the compound fertilizer. On the contrary, it is a poor quality compound fertilizer.
Eighth trick: It is best not to buy a compound fertilizer with odor
Compound fertilizers generally have no odor (except organic and inorganic compound fertilizers). If they have odor, they are mainly due to the use of agricultural ammonium carbonate as the basic raw material nitrogen fertilizer or the phosphate fertilizer containing the toxic substance trichloroacetaldehyde (acid) in the basic raw materials.
When toxic substances of trichloroacetaldehyde (acid) enter the farmland, they cause burning of the seedlings, but the crops are not harvested, and the toxic residue period is long, which affects the growth of the next season crop.
Therefore, it is best for farmers not to buy compound fertilizers with odors.
The ninth trick: a bubble
The high-quality compound fertilizer has good water solubility, and most of it can be dissolved, even if it is precipitated in a small amount. The inferior compound fertilizer is hardly soluble in water, and the residue is rough and hard.
Tenth trick: may wish to taste
Because the market is relatively short of potash, the price is higher, and some unscrupulous manufacturers use red bricks to smash and act as potash. At the time of purchase, farmers can taste red granules, potassium chloride is salty, and red brick granules are not salty.
The first measure: scientific selection of compound fertilizer according to soil properties
For soils with slightly alkaline and low organic matter content (the soil pH is generally around 8.0) and effective nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency, acidic compound fertilizers such as monoammonium phosphate or humic acid NPK fertilizers and nitrogen and phosphorus should generally be used. Compound fertilizer is appropriate. However, for a small number of red clay or acid brown loam, alkaline compound fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate should be used.
The second measure: scientific selection of compound fertilizers based on crop varieties
Generally, the field crops use NPK compound fertilizer, wheat high-yield fields should use NPK ternary compound fertilizer; wheat, rice, millet and other close crops, suitable for powder compound fertilizer; thin planting crops such as corn should use granular Compound fertilizer; vegetables, especially fruit and vegetables, root vegetables and fruit trees, etc. need more cash crops, should use NPK compound fertilizer with higher potassium and low nitrogen.
The third measure: scientific selection of compound fertilizer according to the nature of fertilizer
At present, a considerable portion of the marketed compound fertilizers do not meet the national GB15063-94 standard. National standards stipulate that the effective nutrient content of compound fertilizer (composite fertilizer), the total concentration of high-concentration NPK ≥40%, the low concentration of NPK ≥25%, excluding trace elements and medium elements; water-soluble phosphorus content ≥ 40%, the water molecule content is less than 5%; the particle size is 1-4.75 mm. Therefore, in addition to looking at the trademark and nutrient content when purchasing compound fertilizer, it is also necessary to pay attention to the manufacturer and the place of origin. In addition, there are two kinds of potassium in the compound fertilizer, one is potassium chloride and the other is potassium sulfate. Potassium chloride contains chlorine, which is not suitable for chlorine-free crops. Where there is no "S" symbol on the composite fertilizer bag, the potassium is potassium chloride, and the chlorine crops such as grapes, potatoes, tobacco, beets, etc. must not be applied. The fertilizer bag must be marked with the "S" symbol. Compound fertilizer, a compound fertilizer composed of potassium sulfate.
The fourth measure: scientific selection of compound fertilizer according to fertilization method
In order to improve the fertilizer efficiency of the compound fertilizer, different application methods should be selected for different dosage forms of compound fertilizer. Granular compound fertilizer must be used as base fertilizer, and the higher the hardness of the pellet, the better the fertilizer. The compound fertilizer composed of ammonium nitrogen in the compound fertilizer is beneficial to increase the utilization rate of nitrogen. For topdressing application, powdered compound fertilizer should be used, and it should be noted that the water-soluble phosphorus content of compound fertilizer should be more than 40%, and nitrogen should be combined with NH4- and NO3- nitrogen. Generally, the effect of humic acid compound fertilizer is better than the effect of topdressing.
The fifth measure: see if the fertilizer is double-layered, and whether the three certificates are complete and effective.
The three certificates are: production license, fertilizer registration certificate, and product certification. Then look at the outer packaging bag marked with the trademark, number, standard code, total nutrient content, the name and address of the production company, and finally see whether the fertilizer particles in the inner packaging bag are consistent, no large lumps, less powder. If used with Canadian potash, red fine potassium fertilizer particles can be seen. A compound fertilizer with a high nitrogen content, which can be stored for a period of time, with many white or colorless fine crystals attached to the surface of the fertilizer. This crystal is formed by the moisture absorption of urea and potassium chloride. Inferior compound fertilizer does not have this phenomenon.
Sixth trick: grab half a handful of compound fertilizer
The national standard stipulates that the moisture content of low-concentration compound fertilizer should be less than or equal to 5%. If the moisture content exceeds this index, the feeling of grasping in the hand is sticky, and the second is that it can be kneaded into a cake shape, which will inevitably make the fertilizer particles resist pressure. The strength is reduced, and the nature of slow release of compound fertilizer is lost. Grab the compound with half a hand, leave a layer of grayish white powder on the hand and have a good feeling of adhesion. If the particles are touched, the fine white crystals are also shown to be of high quality. The inferior compound fertilizer is mostly gray-black powder, has no sticky feeling, and has no white crystals in the particles.
Seventh trick: burn with a fire
Take a small amount of compound fertilizer on the iron sheet and put it on the open flame to burn. There is ammonia smell indicating nitrogen, and a yellow flame indicates potassium. And the more ammonia smell, the yellower the yellow flame, indicating that the higher the nitrogen and potassium content, the better the compound fertilizer. On the contrary, it is a poor quality compound fertilizer.
Eighth trick: It is best not to buy a compound fertilizer with odor
Compound fertilizers generally have no odor (except organic and inorganic compound fertilizers). If they have odor, they are mainly due to the use of agricultural ammonium carbonate as the basic raw material nitrogen fertilizer or the phosphate fertilizer containing the toxic substance trichloroacetaldehyde (acid) in the basic raw materials.
When toxic substances of trichloroacetaldehyde (acid) enter the farmland, they cause burning of the seedlings, but the crops are not harvested, and the toxic residue period is long, which affects the growth of the next season crop.
Therefore, it is best for farmers not to buy compound fertilizers with odors.
The ninth trick: a bubble
The high-quality compound fertilizer has good water solubility, and most of it can be dissolved, even if it is precipitated in a small amount. The inferior compound fertilizer is hardly soluble in water, and the residue is rough and hard.
Tenth trick: may wish to taste
Because the market is relatively short of potash, the price is higher, and some unscrupulous manufacturers use red bricks to smash and act as potash. At the time of purchase, farmers can taste red granules, potassium chloride is salty, and red brick granules are not salty.
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