Excavator can't start or start sleepy
1.1 Electrical system failure
1.1.1 The battery is insufficient. At this time, the battery should be charged in time. Check the liquid level of the battery and replenish the electrolyte to the specified height. If you find that the battery is aging and poorly charged, you should replace the battery, and pay attention to the daily maintenance of the battery. Do not leave the battery in a deficient state.
1.1.2 Starter Failure Repair or replace the starter.
1.1.3 Generator failure repair or replace the generator.
1.1.4 Line fault check line and repair.
1.2 engine oil circuit failure
1.2.1 Low-pressure oil path air resistance
Under the suction of the oil pump or the fuel injection pump, the fuel is sent from the fuel tank to the high pressure pump via the low pressure oil passage. If the low-pressure oil circuit is not tightly closed, or the oil level in the fuel tank is too low, and the vehicle is parked and driven, the air will enter the oil passage; if the temperature is high, the fuel will evaporate, and the air resistance will also form in the low-pressure oil passage, causing the engine to work. Unstable, auto-extinguish or the engine will not start.
1.2.2 Oil circuit blockage
Common parts of oil pipeline blockage mainly include oil suction pipe, filter screen, diesel filter, fuel tank cover vent hole in the fuel tank. The main problem causing oil blockage is the injection of diesel that does not meet the standard, or the incorporation of impurities during the refueling process. The key to prevention is to ensure diesel oil cleaning and oil circuit sealing, regular maintenance of the oil circuit, strengthen the cleaning and maintenance of the diesel filter, clean or replace the filter element in time, clean the fuel tank according to the operating environment conditions, and completely remove the bottom of the fuel tank. Sludge and moisture.
1.2.3 Failure of the fuel injection pump
The fuel pump plunger and the oil discharge valve coupler are seriously worn, which makes the engine start difficult. At this time, the plunger and the oil delivery valve coupler should be replaced in time.
Excavator work is weak
2.1 The engine power is sufficient and the operation is normal, while the excavator operates slowly and the excavation is weak.
2.1.1 The hydraulic pump of the excavator is mostly a variable displacement piston pump. After working for a certain period of time, the internal parts of the pump will inevitably wear out, causing internal leakage, and the data of each parameter will be uncoordinated, resulting in insufficient flow, high oil temperature and slow speed. , can not establish high pressure, so the action is slow and weak. For such problems, the hydraulic pump must be removed for data measurement, to confirm the problem, to replace the accessories that can not be used, or to repair the accessories that can continue to be used, to re-assemble the calibration table, and to match the parameters of each circuit (pressure, flow, Power and variables, etc.).
2.1.2 An important hydraulic component on the excavator - a multi-way distribution valve with a main safety valve, a secondary valve, a relief valve, a charge valve and the like. If the pressure set by these valves does not reach the standard pressure, the excavation will be weak. In addition, if the gap between the valve stem and the valve hole is too large due to wear, the valve stem is not fully returned, and the commutation is not in place, a large amount of internal leakage occurs, resulting in insufficient flow and slow speed. For such problems, the multi-way distribution valve should be removed, sent to the test bench for commissioning, and the pressure of all valves should be reset to the standard pressure to eliminate the gap between the valve stem and the valve hole.
2.1.3 The hydraulic pump on the imported excavator is equipped with a pilot gear pump, which mainly participates in the variable of the hydraulic pump and opens the valve stem of the multi-way distribution valve as a pilot oil to reverse the direction. If the gear pump wears excessively and does not establish a certain pressure or the safety valve on the gear pump does not reach a certain pressure, the hydraulic pump will always be in a low flow state, and the valve stem cannot be completely reversed, resulting in insufficient flow. The movement is slow, the pressure is insufficient, and the excavation is weak. For this type of problem, you only need to change the pilot gear pump or reset the pilot safety valve.
2.2 When the machine is cold, everything is normal. When the machine is hot, the action is slow and the excavation is weak. The occurrence of such a problem indicates that the internal components of the hydraulic pump are seriously worn, and the consumable parts in the pump must be replaced, and reassembled and debugged on the commissioning table.
Another major cause of the slow and weak working phenomenon of the excavator is the deterioration of the hydraulic oil. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to monitoring the hydraulic oil quality (viscosity, fluidity and presence of suspended solids, etc.), and replace the hydraulic oil that meets the requirements on time. This type of failure can be largely avoided.
Excavator walking deviation
3.1 The hydraulic pump is faulty
Under normal circumstances, excavators use double pumps. The running deviation is often a fault of one pump. The simplest way to judge is to reverse the two high-pressure oil pipes of the hydraulic pump. If the original is slower, it will be faster. It slowed down and proved that there was a pump failure. Remedy: Remove the hydraulic pump, replace the damaged parts, and then debug to the test bench.
3.2 Travel motor safety valve oil leakage
Leakage of the safety valve will cause the pressure in the system to be too low, so that the running speed of the running motor is not enough, so that the running deviation occurs. The troubleshooting method is: Replace the damaged travel motor safety valve; when it is judged, the left and right travel motors can be safely swapped to see if they are deflected during reverse travel.
3.3 Excavator is deflected to one side
If the spring in the main valve is softened or broken, or the spool is stuck, it may cause the oil pressure to drop and the running deviation. The pressure of the main valve oil circuit is measured during the inspection. The normal value is 32.5 MPa. If the main travel valve is damaged, replace it or repair it.
Through the above analysis, we can see that 80% of the excavator failures are caused by improper maintenance or improper operation. Therefore, the maintenance work of the excavator should be done well, and the technical level of the operator should be improved to reduce the occurrence of failure. To ensure the smooth progress of the construction of the project.
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Tag: Excavator Diesel Filter Valve Hole Piston Pump Suction Pipe
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