Analysis of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Cable Extrusion Process

PVC is a polyvinyl chloride resin as the main raw material, depending on the requirements of various cables, various types of complexing agent is added, such as plasticizers, stabilizers, plasticizers and fillers mixed, granulated and prepared A PVC plastic for wire and cable. PVC plastic has excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, weather resistance, good aging performance, no flame retardancy, certain electrical insulation properties and good processing properties, and low cost, so it is widely used as insulation for wire and cable. Sheath material.
However, due to the presence of C-Cl polar bond, polyvinyl chloride has a large polarity, and its dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent are large; due to the presence of chlorine atoms, the heat resistance is low and the cold resistance is poor. During the processing, the PVC is heated to release HCl toxic gases. Therefore, PVC insulated cables are now being replaced by polyethylene insulated cables.

See Table 1 and Table 2 for the classification and performance of PVC plastics for insulation and sheathing.
Table 1 Classification and performance of PVC plastics for insulation

Types of

Performance requirements

Operating temperature

The main purpose

Insulation grade

Good electrical insulation, a certain heat resistance, softness

70 ° C

Communication, control, signal and low voltage power cable insulation

Ordinary insulation grade

It has certain electrical insulation properties, good flexibility and atmospheric resistance, and low cost.

70 ° C

Indoor fixed laying wire, sheathed cord, 500V agricultural cable and instrument mounting line insulation

Heat resistant insulation grade

It has better heat aging resistance, pen resistance to deformation and good electrical insulation performance.

90 ° C

105 ° C

Insulation of marine cables, aviation conductors, power cables and installation wires that require high heat resistance.

High electrical performance insulation grade

The preferred electrical insulation properties, high insulation resistance, good dielectric properties, and certain heat resistance.

70 ° C

The insulation of the power cable with a voltage of 6kV-10kV.

Oil and solvent resistant insulation grade

It has good oil resistance, solvent resistance and softness, and has good electrical insulation properties.

70 ° C

Insulation grade for electrical cables used to contact oils and chemicals.

Flame retardant insulation grade

It has good electrical insulation performance, high flame resistance and good softness.

70 ° C

Insulation of fixed power cables, mining cables, and installation wires.


Table 2 Classification and performance of PVC plastic for sheath

Types of

Performance requirements

Operating temperature

The main purpose

Ordinary protection level

It has sufficient mechanical strength, heat resistance, photoaging and cold resistance.

70 ° C

The outer sheath of plastic wire and cable and the outer sheath of other cables.

Cold resistant layer

It has high cold tolerance and good softness at low temperature.

70 ° C

Outdoor and cold resistant wire and cable sheathing.

Soft layer

It has high softness and good cold resistance.

70 ° C

Cold and soft wire and cable sheath.

Heat resistant layer

Good heat resistance.

90 ° C

105 ° C

Heat resistant wire and cable sheath.

Oil resistant layer

Good oil resistance and chemical resistance.

70 ° C

A sheath for wire and cable that comes into contact with oils and chemicals.

Easy tear layer

Low tear resistance, easy to lay and low price.

70 ° C

A protective layer for insulated wires for indoor installation.

Mildewproof, termite resistant, anti-rat protection level

Good anti-bioactivity, termite resistance, and mildew resistance.

70 ° C

Cable sheathing for tropical and warm tropical regions.

Flame retardant layer

Good resistance to combustion.

70 ° C

Wire and cable sheath with high safety requirements.

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