Quantum dot technology has revolutionized display applications. For example, the backlight of the popular Kindle Fire e-book reader uses quantum dot enhancement film (QDEF) manufactured by Nanosys. Today, researchers plan to use quantum dots to completely transform solar concentrators.
Collecting light from the sun via built-in quantum dots, researchers hope to make windows a highly efficient solar panel concentrator. This is done by placing a solar photovoltaic (PV) cell on the edge of the window where the quantum dot is implanted, transforming it into a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC). The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in collaboration with the University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB) recently demonstrated that this type of LSC window achieves greater than 10% of optical effectiveness.
Transparent Quantum Dots Material Glows Under Ultraviolet Light
"Our device is a light collector - this condenser can take light from a larger area and import it into smaller PV cells," said Victor Klimov, Principal Researcher of LANL's Advanced Solar Photo Physics Center (CASP). Indicated.
For the proof-of-concept demonstration, Klimov's research team, with the assistance of UNIMIB, embedded the quantum dots in a clear plastic that is surrounded by PV solar cells.
Quantum dots are highly efficient emitters that exhibit nearly 100% luminous efficiency, but previous attempts to use LSCs for actual size have not been successful. The problem is that the quantum dots reabsorb many of the re-emitting photons that should have been captured by the edge PV cell. To solve this problem, Klimov and his colleagues used the Stokes-shift method to develop quantum dots that can change the wavelength of re-emitted photons.
Using the Stokes shift method developed by the 19th century Irish physicist George Stokes, it can be designed as a quantum dot that combines two different materials, CdSe and CdS. The small CdSe core acts as the emission core, while the CdS thick shell acts as a collection antenna. Since the energy gap of CdS is wider than that of CdSe, the light emitted by the CdSe core exhibits a greater low energy transfer. This strategy results in a large number of Stokes shifts, which helps to reduce absorption losses.
When the inner core of the CdS is embedded to direct solar energy into the PMMA pane of a window edge solar cell, the CdSe quantum dots absorb photons and then re-emit energy from the CdS core at different wavelengths.
The researchers confirmed that the obtained LSC devices can achieve about 10% light collection efficiency and almost no loss of resorption. Through simulations, the actual size of these devices can also be extended to more than 1 meter.
LANL researchers have developed thick-shelled CdSe/CdS QDs, while the Italian team is responsible for embedding development results in larger PMMA compositions.
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