Security Science Popular: What happens to a unit fire?

Article 44 of the Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China states:

Any unit that has a fire must immediately organize a force to save it. Neighboring units should give support.

A fire occurs in a crowded place. The site staff at the site should immediately organize and guide the evacuation of the people present.

What happens if a fire occurs? The law said: Save, evacuation. Actually, if the law does not speak, then it has to do so. If you don’t, the units are all burnt out.

However, in your organization, where do you really handle such emergencies as fire?

What is this? A lot of units listened, indicating that various blue-skinned and shiitake mushrooms were not even satisfied.

Hey? In other words , there are command groups, firefighting groups, evacuation groups, security groups, propaganda teams, etc. A fire initiation plan occurs. The commander issues an order, the first team fires, and the second team saves people. Isn't this something?

Haha, don't worry about it. To be honest, who can't use two books? Now these plans, which are not paper, ah, like the individual routines of individual martial arts, playing very fancy, blowing up, and when the onstage really hands on, thirty seconds to squat down. Just ask: Where is the fire in your unit's commander? What is he going to use to direct these echelons and people, whether by telephone or by loud voices? How much time does it take for him to issue these orders?

Looking back at the fires over the years, Beijing Xilong, ah, Tianxing Foot Xin Hall, ah ... a large number of chestnuts were all improperly handled by the units in the earlier period, which led to a small fire causing disasters, resulting in many tragedies with many dead and great losses. . As a result, the disposal of unit fires has aroused the attention of many people, and many countermeasures have been proposed. However, because of various reasons, these countermeasures have poor operability, and quite a few wrong ideas are mixed in them.

As a unit person, if you do not want to be yourself, then we will briefly discuss the unit's fire handling concept and basic guidelines for handling actions.

1

Because of the rapid development of fire and the easy spread of smoke, the first-time on-site disposal is directly related to the success or failure of extinguishing and saving people. There are several ideas that are suggested as early as the consensus of the unit management and all staff:

First time fire

All employees should use fire extinguishers and fire hydrants (note that the two plenary sessions, the fire is slightly larger, and the fire extinguisher is basically a display). When a fire is discovered, the first site staff can spontaneously organize fire extinguishing operations without the need for any command.

The first time alarm

As soon as a fire is found, it should be reported immediately. The alarm is mainly divided into two levels: First, it is reported to all the people in the unit (especially to those who are threatened by fire), and the second is to call 119 . This report is particularly important for people who report to all units. It can be said that it is more important than 119. Its significance is to make everyone aware of the occurrence of fire, and to prepare and carry out relevant actions for fire fighting and evacuation. There was a fire in the lower level of the building's fire, but the other floors, especially the upper floors, did not even know about it. When they knew that the smoke had blocked the stairs, the upper-level personnel suffered heavy casualties.) To fight 119 , the purpose is to facilitate the fire brigade to give reinforcements and help as soon as possible.

In this regard, the management of the unit should encourage employees and empower employees to do so at ordinary times. Even small fires should be praised, not blamed, when employees do so. It is absolutely impossible to ask leaders in layers when a fire breaks out.

Therefore, the first scene of the fire alarm personnel, is the commander, is to fire fire orders: children's shoes, friends, pay close attention to the fire, ah, immediately hit 119 ah, hurry to run, carrying dry, immediately roll Go to those damn jobs that should be done...

First time evacuation

Regardless of the size of the fire, evacuation of customers and employees will be organized immediately at the same time as fighting and alarming. In particular, evacuation of customers above the fire floor will be given priority. Even if one person dies, the cost is quite huge (losing money, probably at least 2 million, and the person in charge is in jail, 3-7 years is free to eat), therefore, the property loss and the so-called bad influence must not be the starting point of decision-making. (Anything else, is there more loss and influence than the dead?).

Take the first step to assist the fire brigade in fire fighting and other measures

In accordance with the usual training and division of labor requirements, when the relevant personnel get an alarm, the following measures are taken at the first time: exhaust, put down (close) fireproof partitions (such as fire shutters, fire doors), start emergency lighting, forced down fire elevators, Turn on the water pump (make sure the power supply can be started automatically or manually), maintain the order of the parking lot (fire truck access), have someone contact the fire brigade for guidance, communicate with the media, communicate with the emergency department, etc.... This is a lot of work and it has to start the head Think again, what else? How to do it? Who will do it?

To have a very clear 15 minutes fire time concept

The 15 minutes or so after the discovery of the fire is the most precious time. It is also the key time that the unit can control. The success or failure is 15 minutes. Don't over expect the fire brigade to do something for you. The fire brigade is a limited liability company. They are on the way to the site or they are not able to understand how they should attack on the way to the site (who had changed, including Qi Tian Sheng Du This is the case). The above four things to do the first time must do their best to complete all within 15 minutes. Otherwise, a new tragedy may happen again.

Again, there is no doubt that we only have less than 15 minutes!

PS: I discussed with Lao Cao of 36safety . The above mentioned are only suitable for common situations. There are some examples that can not be completely copied, such as: hospital ward building, it is difficult to evacuate the first time (think about it, you know, so many missing legs and legs ...), there are nursing homes, there are prisons, And so on, fire extinguishing is extremely important in this case for the first time, and the problem of evacuation cannot be considered. Therefore, the ability to extinguish fire must be especially strengthened. For example, some chemical plants may explode on fire or burn very much. Soon, fire extinguishing may cause its own serious casualties. Under such circumstances, fire extinguishing will not be necessary.

2

Well, the following are methods or principles, please refer to or think about.

Discover the fire

1.1 Any employee who finds signs of fire (smoke, burnt smell, abnormal sound, heat, etc.) should immediately look ahead. Fire extinguisher can be carried during inspection and ready to extinguish.

1.2 The site did have an open flame, or unknown smoke (larger), that is confirmed the fire.

Report fire

2.1 After the fire was confirmed, the first discoverer immediately alerted him. The first site should adopt a shouting manner and call out loud to inform the staff around.

2.2 When there are two or more on-site employees , a division of labor should be formed spontaneously. Generally, a person with a higher qualification or higher prestige comes forward, and a person in charge of division of labor is responsible for the alarm (this person may be called the first person in charge of the alarm). The first person in charge of the alarm may find other individuals to perform the alarm specifically according to the situation. Responsibility.

2.3 According to the division of labor, the persons in the place (site) shall be alarmed in the following order (simultaneously enough persons can synchronize):

( 1 ) Fire floor;

( 2 ) The upper floor of the fire floor;

( 3 ) The lower floor of the fire floor;

( 4 ) fire control room;

( 5 ) Unit management personnel;

( 6 ) Fire brigade ( 119 ).

2.4 The implementation of the alarm

( 1 ) shouting;

( 2 ) press the floor fire alarm button;

( 3 ) Use prepared megaphones;

( 4 ) Call the fire control room phone;

( 5 ) Start fire emergency radio;

( 6 ) Interphones and mobile phones, text messages, WeChat, nails, bells...

2.5 The contents of the alarm

( 1 ) It caught fire, caught fire, and fired on a certain floor.

( 2 ) Please pay attention to the on-site personnel. If there is a fire in a certain area of ​​our unit, please immediately stop the activity (work), put down your belongings, and evacuate along the nearest evacuation route. Do not crowd on the evacuation, do not crowd on evacuation, when the plane encounters smoke Please take a low position. Please do not enter when there is smoke on the stairs. Please also close the room door or the stairwell door while evacuating. The smoked floor can open the windows on both sides of the aisle to smoke. Please evade the room if you smoke. ... (Repeated by floor staff, or repeated by the fire control room emergency broadcast).

( 3 ) There is a fire in a certain part of a certain unit of a certain unit, and some people wait for rescue at a certain level of certain floor, and the fire brigade is required to dispatch it immediately. The person who called the police (a report of 119 ), the big unit is basically the key protection unit of the fire brigade. You don't have to go through the interviews, but you don't have to go through the platoon, blow up the blows, play the game, run the game, run the game, you don't have to deal with the dinosaurs, you don't have to deal with the dinosaurs, you don't have the chance to run the oysters, and you don't have to.

2.6 Warnings

( 1 ) The voice must be large and large enough to be pulled away to attract the attention of field personnel;

( 2 ) If the sound is not loud enough, loudspeakers can be used;

( 3 ) Stop the background sound of the unit (party, other activities, background music of the whole floor, etc.);

( 4 ) Employees with a division of tasks must ensure that the alarm has been communicated to all people, and in particular do not forget people in the following places: toilets, warehouses, top office areas, kitchens, bathing rooms ... fires may affect the building Persons in other locations (including those in the non-business area, since the fire started from the unit, if they are not notified to them, it is still the responsibility of the unit);

( 5 ) If it is not possible to confirm the effectiveness of the alert, take out some employees to repeat the work and do their utmost to ensure that the alert reaches everyone;

( 6 ) Those who have telephoned 119 can use it as fire scene reconnaissance personnel before the fire brigade arrives. It is recommended to report the situation on site to the fire control center without interruption. You can use the telephone, WeChat and other methods to make pictures, The video is reported. According to these uninterrupted circumstances, the fire command center will promptly report and direct the presence of firefighters to start fire fighting and rescue operations as soon as possible.

Fire extinguishing (saving fire)

3.1 Fire-fighting actions and alarms are launched simultaneously;

3.2 In addition to the alarm personnel, when there are more than 2 persons at the scene , fire shall be initiated by a separate division of labor. The first fire extinguishing operation shall be completed with a fire extinguisher, and then fire hydrants shall be used;

3.3 When using a fire extinguisher, fire extinguishers that can be carried nearby can be quickly brought to the fire center site ( 2 or more persons per person , avoiding running back and forth), and the staff or persons with strong ability can keep continuous in the upwind and sidewind directions. Start fire extinguishing;

3.4 The use of fire extinguishers while others can participate in extinguishing the staff immediately turned in different directions two or more fire hydrants (according to state regulations, one point fire in the unit, there will be at least a shot water two fire hydrants can reach this point), shooting water Extinguishing;

3.5 If there is an electrical fire, or if there are electrical circuit facilities in the combustion zone, there is a special person responsible for turning off the local power switch before using the fire hydrant (this switch must let all the site staff know in advance);

3.6 When a fire is extinguished, in case of large smoke and strong flames, the fire extinguishing staff should be in a low position (bending, squatting, squatting, squatting down) to protect themselves from fire hazards;

3.7 The use of fire extinguishers and fire hydrants at the same time can organize the employees to carry fires and the surrounding flammable materials to prevent the spread;

3.8 Fire-fighting shall be highly attended to prevent the spread of fire from the upper space. A water gun shall be used to fire the upper spread flame;

3.9 When the fire cannot be extinguished, the fire extinguishing staff should shift the position while controlling the development of the fire by the shooting water (such as shooting the surrounding combustible material, and spraying water to slow the spread of fire). Because of the influence of smoke, in the subsequent fire extinguishing process, Take a squat or lower position;

3.10 When fire-fighting masks are provided in the unit, fire-fighting personnel may wear them;

3.11 The position of the fire extinguishing personnel should be gradually transferred to the evacuation stairway. When the fire has approached incompetence and then the fire extinguishing operation is performed, the fire extinguisher can abandon the fire extinguishing action to evacuate from the stairwell and close the fire door of the stairwell when evacuating.

Evacuation personnel

4.1 The evacuation action was carried out simultaneously with the alarm and firefighting.

4.2 Evacuation guidance

( 1 ) Upon receiving the fire alarm, employees at all levels spontaneously evacuated personnel in the region;

( 2 ) Guide through shouts, megaphones, gestures, and waving evacuation markers;

( 3 ) The evacuation terminology refers to ( 2 ) in 2.5 , and is repeated by the staff of the Security Exit Department: Please take this side, please walk here....

4.3 Evacuation safety

( 1 ) To remind customers to prevent crowding, prompt language: Please slow down, please do not step on people, please pay attention to the elderly, please pay attention to children.

( 2 ) To remind customers of anti-smoking, prompt language: Please pay attention to smoke prevention, reduce breathing when there is smoke, and bend over when passing smoke.

( 3 ) After the evacuation of the fire floor personnel is completed, the evacuation door shall be immediately closed by the staff near the fire site to prevent the smoke from entering the evacuation channel.

( 4 ) In case of evacuation of the elderly and children, the staff should assist in evacuation.

( 5 ) In the event of a fire zone separation facility (such as a fire shutter) falling, employees in the district should prevent customers from being locked in, or being touched or stuck.

( 6 ) Stop any customers who want to stay at the scene of the fire, and stop the evacuation to the safety zone. The customer will return to the fire scene again.

4.4 Evacuation path

( 1 ) In the smoke-free situation, down the nearest evacuation stairs, this is the first choice.

( 2 ) Downwards along escalators, elevators (when the roller blinds are not put down at the initial stage, or when there is no power outage).

( 3 ) No stairs or other passages up to the roof.

( 4 ) To other buildings adjacent to this unit.

4.5 Evacuation Considerations

( 1 ) Everyone should be noticed as much as possible. Employees should be responsible for every corner of their area and ensure that the personnel in the area are evacuated. Special attention should be paid to those elderly people, children, people who are resting, people in the hidden space, etc.

( 2 ) The evacuation should be carried out immediately without any hesitation (if it is a small fire, then the right should be a drill).

( 3 ) After evacuation, employees should collect the number of people who are counted according to the pre-determined locations to confirm whether there are still people trapped and the possible location of the trapped person (this item can be avoided if it cannot be operated in reality).

( 4 ) The employees near each safety exit must close the exit after the evacuation (not the lock. Generally, such exits are fire doors, so long as they are closed).

Other auxiliary firefighting rescue operations

5.1 When receiving a fire confirmation alarm, the fire control room operator adjusts all linkage fire fighting facilities to an automatic state (fire suppression system, smoke prevention system, etc.).

5.2 The fire control room operator shall open the anti-smoking fan at the first time to ensure the safety of the stairwell as much as possible; open the exhaust fan in the fire area and discharge the smoke in the fire as much as possible.

5.3 Units should arrange for security personnel to greet fire engines, brief the fire brigade commanders on fire conditions, and guide firefighters to carry out fire-fighting operations. They should follow the commander to provide a plan of the unit and provide water and fire protection facilities.

5.4 When a fire occurs, the unit security personnel maintains order in the parking lot of the unit, etc. to prevent personnel from jamming and blocking the fire exits and affect the fire extinguishing.

5.5 When a fire occurs, special personnel are sent to the fire pump room, fire pool, and fire pump adapter to ensure the use of the above equipment and equipment.

5.6 Not a last resort. Do not use non-fighting measures (remove non-fire power). The power distribution room shall be assigned a dedicated person to guard against fire. The use of fire (emergency lighting for fire protection) shall be ensured to prevent the use of electricity for fire fighting being mistakenly cut.

5.7 When the fire shutter falls, it should be reminded using a fire radio.

5.8 Use the radio to remind employees and customers to close the door after evacuation and open the floor window to smoke.

5.9 The first time to publish microblogging, blogs, micro-letter circles or open fire news, fire to save the news, do a good job in media communication, to deal with network hype.

5.10 Other measures for on-site disposal.

3

Regarding this aspect, the old said that we should adhere to the following four concepts.

Fire extinguishing on the spot is actually a complicated matter

From the above it can be seen that there are quite a few things to consider. Not only do they require technical capabilities, they also require organizational skills, and all of this is almost without leadership (sometimes there are leaders who do not play a big role, the command will In the case of considerable confusion). Time is tight, there are many tasks, and pressure is high. All disposals are vital to life and death. The fire can be described as a typical emergent emergency. For most employees, when a real fire occurs, they have no experience to talk about. It is the first time in life. Tension, panic, fear and information are not heard. , Forget your task, your mind is blank, lose most of your ability to act within the first few minutes, or even become stupid, and so on.

The quality of employees determines the success or failure of fire fighting

Due to extreme time constraints, there are too many things to be done in a limited time. The first 15 minutes before the first fire is basically a spontaneous action. The command is very difficult and there is no particularly good command method. Shouting, or calling a cell phone to direct it, will someone else hear it when you call a cell phone?). Therefore, the training, the support, the authorization, and the quality of the employees that are usually received by the employees determine the success or failure of the unit's fire disposal. Units should attach great importance and pay attention to the fact that if there is a fire, there may be only a few people or even one person in some areas or positions. If this happens, the unlucky person is not only a firefighter but also an alarmist or a commander. He must At least seventeen martial arts, and can not be afraid to escape.

The real purpose of fire drills is to find problems

For various reasons, the unit's fire drills are completely a form. Many of them are for the purpose of completing the task, are for the leaders, or are for the fire brigade. (In fact, this is also a tribute to the fact that they can barely perform some fancy work for the fire brigade. Look, all are good units.) However, the real purpose of fire drills is to find problems and let employees know what problems will occur during the fire, thus reminding employees to avoid them. Therefore, fire drills must start from the most unfavorable points, and do not pursue good looks. Instead, they should pursue their dedication and must do so in a practical manner to correct problems found.

Human life is most precious

In any case, human life is first. In the event of a fire, we must first adhere to the evacuation of the first time, the so-called thirty-six counts, take the top count. No matter how many properties or figures will be affected, it is worthwhile.

Of course, this is only the tip of the iceberg. Units have to deal with sudden fires. There are many things to do. They are very complicated, very difficult, and extremely difficult. It cannot be overemphasized that "there are land mines and great ditches in front of them." This article only points to a small part of the list of tasks, actions, and safeguards after the fire broke out. It is more detailed and the old ones will also be subdivided and revisited.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.