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Every day the Earth receives energy from the sun, which is 10 times the 12th power watts, which is 10,000 times more than the human consumption of the Earth. Solar energy will be a key to solving the problem of human energy shortage. However, solar cells have always been transformed. The efficiency is not high enough. Currently, the solar cell conversion efficiency used by the industry is about 15% to 20%. Therefore, scientists are developing more efficient solar cells.
Recently, scientists at George Washington University designed a prototype of a new solar cell. They stacked layers of cells into a single device and found that the efficiency of converting sunlight into electricity is as high as 44.5%. If the finished product is properly designed, it will become the world’s The most efficient solar cell.
Solar panels are actually made up of many solar cells. The most common solar cells are made of "silicon" and are divided into two layers. The n-type layer has extra electrons, and the p-type layer has no electrons. "holes", which can cause current to flow. When the sun shines on a solar cell, the sun beam can be seen as a "photon." Photons with enough energy will knock down an electron and the electrons will begin to flow. At this point, you can start collecting these moving electrons.
This time, the solar panels designed by the University of Washington are different from those seen on the roof. They use concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) panels, which use lenses to collect light in narrow areas to increase power generation efficiency. Therefore, it can improve the efficiency of area utilization.
However, the most special design of this time is the use of multi-level stacking. Each layer of solar cells uses different materials to achieve the effect of absorbing different wavelengths.
Matthew Lumb, head of the Department of Applied Science at the University of Washington, said, "The wavelengths of sunlight reaching the Earth fall mostly at wavelengths of 250 to 2,500 nanometers, and conventional solar cells cannot capture this entire range of energy."
(Source: By transferred by Penubag (talk·contribs) on 05:04,15 May 2008 [CC BY-SA 2.5], via Wikimedia Commons)
The current design of solar cells is still very expensive, but researchers said they think that exploring the limits of solar cell efficiency is an important step for renewable energy. They are also confident that with the refinement of the process, the future can be commercialized.
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