Principle of power generation
A solar cell is a pair of devices that respond to light and convert light energy into electricity. There are many kinds of materials that can produce photovoltaic effect, such as: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, selenium indium copper, and the like. Their power generation principle is basically the same, and the crystal power generation process is now described by taking a crystal as an example. P-type crystalline silicon is doped with phosphorus to obtain N-type silicon to form a PN junction.
When the light illuminates the surface of the solar cell, part of the photons are absorbed by the silicon material; the energy of the photons is transferred to the silicon atoms, causing the electrons to move away, and the free electrons accumulate on both sides of the PN junction to form a potential difference when the external circuit is turned on. At this time, under the action of this voltage, a current will flow through the external circuit to generate a certain output power. The essence of this process is the process of converting photon energy into electrical energy.
new progress
At present, the world has developed a new field of solar energy technology from bio-molecular cells, biomolecule screening, and bioenergy developed by synthetic biology and photosynthesis biotechnology.
Recently, it was learned from the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission that researchers at East China Normal University successfully used nanomaterials to “recreate†chloroplasts in the laboratory to achieve photovoltaic power generation at extremely low cost.
Chloroplasts are places where plants perform photosynthesis and can effectively convert the sun's light energy into chemical energy. Instead of "copying" a chloroplast in vitro, the research team developed a new type of battery, a dye-sensitized solar cell, similar to the chloroplast structure, in an attempt to convert light energy into electrical energy. With the support of the Shanghai Nano-Special Fund, after more than three years of experimentation and exploration, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of this bionic solar cell has exceeded 10%, close to the world's highest level of 11%.
Mr. Sun Zhuo, the project leader and director of the Engineering Research Center of the Department of Advanced Optoelectronic Integration and Advanced Equipment Education of the East China Division, demonstrated the “sandwich†structure of the new solar cell—the hollow glass sandwiched with a layer of nano-sandwich, the mystery of photoelectric conversion It is hidden in this layer of tens of microns thick composite film. The “formulation†of the nano “sandwich†is unique: the dye acts as a “light harvester†and the nano titanium dioxide is a “photoelectric converterâ€. In order to let the dyes "eat" the sun as much as possible, the researchers have also sifted a little "preservation" - a quantum dot made of nano-fluorescent material, so that different wavelengths of sunlight can be caught The appetite of the light hand. As long as the "recipe" is continuously improved, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the nano "sandwich" can be improved again and again.
As a third-generation solar cell, the biggest attraction of dye-sensitized batteries is cheap raw materials and simple manufacturing processes. It is estimated that the cost of a dye-sensitized battery is only one-tenth the cost of a silicon panel. At the same time, it does not require high lighting conditions, even in indoors where sunlight is not sufficient, its photoelectric conversion rate will not be greatly affected. In addition, it has many interesting uses. For example, by replacing the glass "plywood" with plastic, a flexible flexible battery can be made; by making it a display, it can generate electricity while emitting light to achieve self-sufficiency in energy.
Solar energy is a clean and sustainable source of energy. The development of solar technology can reduce the use of fossil fuels in power generation, thereby reducing air pollution and global warming.
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