The section of wheat is a vicious weed in the world. In 1996, the wheat was first seen in Wei County, and then increased year by year, generally 5 to 10 plants per square meter, and the tallest was 28 plants per square meter. The weeds mostly occur in high-water-fertilized wheat fields. Due to strong adaptability, large amount of reproduction, poor control, and improper management of seeds, the area of ​​wheat has been continuously expanded, and the damage has gradually increased, seriously affecting the safety of wheat production.
First, the characteristics of occurrence.
First, the depth of emergence is different. According to the Datian survey, the germinated seedlings are mainly concentrated in the soil layer of 3 to 8 cm.
Second, the emergence period is long. Winter wheat field has two main periods: wheat emergence period, mainly 15 to 20 days after wheat sowing, from late October to mid-November, the peak of emergence before winter is formed, during which the weeds accounted for the total 70%; from late February to March of the following year, there is still some emergence.
The third is the wintering of seedlings or seeds. In the winter wheat field, the wheat is mainly wintering, and the seeds can be wintered. In the autumn, the squash is divided into three parts: the number of mites is 3 to 4, and the others are more than 10. Tillering seedlings and single seedlings can survive winter and rarely die. After the spring temperature rises in the next year, the seeds that have not emerged can also emerge, and the wintering seedlings can also produce tillers. The main stem and tillers are generally capable of seeding and seeding.
The fourth is strong vitality. The branching wheat has strong tillering ability and strong growth. According to the survey, the spring season wheat generally has 10 to 20 tillers per plant, up to 36 tillers per plant. Moreover, the amount of wheat produced increases with the improvement of water and fertilizer conditions.
Second, the cause.
1 Long-distance inter-regional operation of wheat harvesters is an important medium for the spread of wheat.
2 When new varieties are replaced, new weed seeds are inevitably invaded and spread. Before 1996, the wheat in the local wheat field was extremely rare, and it was spread and spread due to a large number of introduction and breeding from the gynecological area.
3 The extensive farming system has also increased the occurrence of the festival wheat to a certain extent. Locally, wheat-corn is cooked, and grain fields rarely rotate with other crops. After the wheat is harvested, no-tillage is used to grow corn, and most of the wheat seeds are scattered on the surface. After the autumn harvest, the machine is widely used. Because the plough layer is shallow and rarely deep, the wheat seeds are mostly distributed in the superficial layer of the soil, which creates a good ecological environment for its emergence. In addition, when it is prevented, it only protects the weeds in the field, and does not prevent the weeds in the fields, the canals, the roads, and the ground. After the ripening of the wheat, it invades the farmland through wind and shallow irrigation. In addition, many farmers were basically matured at the end of the period. The wheat was basically matured, and the wheat was piled up on the edge of the field, the land and the road. The grass seeds continued to flow into the field after maturity.
4 Re-enter the farmland with the application of unfertilized farmyard manure. Some farmers will pour the stalked wheat seeds from the wheat grains directly into poultry, livestock, and other poultry, livestock, or unprocessed smashed wheat seeds to feed poultry (animals). There is a grass seed of the wheat in the mature farmyard manure.
The 5 section of the wheat seed can be summered in the local area, and it accumulates continuously, which increases the harm. After the ripening of the wheat seeds, they naturally fall off into the soil and survive the summer. 20 to 30 seeds per ear, the natural rate of shedding in the field is 80%, and the natural emergence rate after the summer is 65%. It takes only 2 to 3 years from sporadic to serious damage.
6 The long-term use of single herbicide varieties has transformed the weed community in wheat fields. The main weeds in the local wheat field are broad-leaved weeds such as sage, celery, etc. The long-term use of herbicides such as bensulfuron-methyl makes the original early grass control, which causes the grass weeds to be mixed. Grass rises to the main weed, becoming a malignant weed in the local wheat field.
Third, prevention and control technology. According to the characteristics of the occurrence and control of wheat in the wheat field, it is necessary to implement the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention†in prevention and control, and actively promote comprehensive prevention and control measures such as chemical weeding techniques before winter.
1. Agricultural control measures.
1Select wheat seeds to prevent seed spread. The section of wheat is spread by seeds, and the control must be strictly adhered to. The seeds must be quarantined, and all the seeds mixed with the knotted wheat must be selected to eliminate the area where the grass seeds have not been infested. Self-retained seeds are also selected.
2 play the ecological inhibition of wheat fields. There are many wheat and grasses, and wheat grass is the law of weeds and crop competition. Therefore, rational dense planting, scientific fertilization, and fighting for seedlings and seedlings will form a group growth advantage in wheat fields, which can play an ecological and grass-control Effect.
3 manual removal. Combined with the management of the wheat field, the extraction is carried out before the ripening of the wheat. The removal should be timely, the size should be pulled together, and no troubles should be left. The unplugged section of the wheat must be taken out of the field, dried and crushed, and burned intensively. At the same time, it is necessary to remove the weeds in the Tianyu Ditch and reduce the spread of the source.
4 organic fertilizer decomposed and then the field. Wheat straw shells, livestock and poultry fertilizers must be prepared by composting, fertilized at high temperature and then applied to farmland. The livestock and poultry feed must also be processed and crushed to make the grass seeds lose vitality.
2. Chemical control technology. Before the wintering of wheat, after the weeds are out, use 3% Shima oil suspoemulsion (methyl disulfuron) 20-30 ml per acre to add 60 kg of auxiliary granules to spray 30 kg of water. The effect is best, the weeds have been mostly unearthed, the weeds are young, the resistance is weak, the temperature is high, the pesticide can fully exert the effect, and the wheat field coverage is small, and the sprayed liquid and the weed have a large contact surface. Conducive to weeds to absorb more chemicals to ensure weeding effect. It can also be sprayed with 30 ml of 3% Shima oil suspoemase and 60 ml of water for 30-40 kg of water per acre before the spring wheat is greened. However, the control effect and safety are not as good as autumn and winter prevention. Manual removal.
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