Harvested, ending in early July, the output is 12,000kg/mu, and the income is more than 8,000 yuan/mu. Its cultivation techniques are summarized as follows:
1 Origin environment
The production area of ​​pollution-free cucumber should be chosen in a good ecological environment. There is no industrial “three wastes†within 3km and pollution of agriculture, urban life and medical waste, avoiding more than 100m of main roads. The quality of irrigation water, atmosphere and soil is in line with the production of pollution-free vegetables. An area that requires and passes the certification of a pollution-free place of origin.
2 sowing seedlings
2.1 Variety selection Select the excellent varieties with low temperature resistance, high temperature resistance and strong disease resistance in the early stage, such as Jinyou 10 and Bo Na 3.
2.2 Seed treatment 1 to 3 days before sowing, the seeds are incubated with warm water of 55 ° C for 10 to 15 minutes, and the water is continuously stirred until the water temperature drops to 30-35 ° C. The seeds are repeatedly washed and cleaned with water. Wash the mucus, soak for 3 to 4 hours, wrap the soaked seeds in a clean damp cloth, and germination for 1 to 2 days at 28 to 32 °C, and sow seeds when the seeds are 70% "white".
2.3 Preparation of nutrient soil and soil The application of nutrient soil in the past 3 to 5 years has not been mixed with garden soil or field soil mixed with high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer accounted for 30%, soil and organic fertilizer mixed and sieved. The screened nutrient soil is added to 100 g of carbendazim per 1 cubic meter of soil and mixed into a medicinal soil.
2.4 Seedling sowing period is mid-January or late, can be raised in warm greenhouse or energy-saving solar greenhouse, using nutrient mortar with diameter of 10cm and height of 10cm, containing 8cm of nutrient soil, pouring water, and water in each nutrient One seed of germinated seeds was planted, and the top of the medicinal soil was 1 cm thick, and the mulch was covered flat to protect the mites.
2.5 Seedling management 1 After sowing, seal with the mulch film for 2 to 3 days, when 2/3 of the seed cotyledons are unearthed and the ground is removed. Minimize watering during the seedling period to prevent high-temperature and high-humidity from appearing in high seedlings, and timely uncover grass to increase light. 2 temperature management: the general daytime temperature should be controlled at 25 ~ 30 ° C, should not be too high, the night temperature must be controlled below 15 ° C, preferably 12 ~ 13 ° C, 7 to 10 days before planting, for refining, greenhouse grass Early cover and night cover, reduce watering, increase ventilation and time, keep 20 ~ 25 ° C during the day, 8 ~ 10 ° C at night, and need 1 ~ 2 short 5 ° C exercise. 3 strong seedling standards: seedling age about 35 days, plant height 15 ~ 20cm, 3 leaves 1 heart, cotyledons intact, internodes short and thick, leaves thick green moon thick, roots developed, strong and disease-free.
3 Preparation before planting
3.1 Fertilization of soil preparation should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. The fertilization method is mainly based on base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. According to the nutritional characteristics of vegetable growth and development, fertilizer requirement, soil nutrient content and target yield, the expert fertilization system is used. Determine the amount of fertilizer applied to the vegetables, and carry out balanced fertilization to ensure nutrient balance in the soil. For medium-fertilizer vegetable fields, 5000kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, 20kg of urea, 75kg of superphosphate, and 30kg of potassium sulfate are generally applied per mu. After the base fertilizer is applied, the ground is turned over 30~40cm, the soil and fertilizer are mixed and flattened, and the raft is made according to the width of 1.2m. The ridges are two high ridges of 10~15cm, and the ridge distance is 50cm.
3.2 shed shed film hanging skylight early spring greenhouse using "four film cover", that is, a layer of greenhouse film, two layers of skylight film and a small layer of arch shed film on the seedlings, 20 days before planting deduction of greenhouse film, in order to improve the ground temperature, 10cm in the greenhouse The ground temperature can be stabilized by 12 °C for 3 days. 5 to 7 days before planting, the sky curtain is 2 layers, spaced 20 to 30 cm apart. It is best to use a polyethylene drop-free film with a thickness of 0.012 mm.
4 colonization
1 day before planting, spray a fungicide on the seedbed. 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, or 77% can kill 700 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution. Colonization should be carried out on sunny days in the morning. The ridge is ditched and watered. When the water seeps into the semi-ditch water, the seedlings are placed at a distance of about 32cm. After the water seeps, the soil is sealed. This method is called “water stable seedlingâ€, and about 3500 plants per acre are planted. Small arch shed.
5 Field management
5.1 After the temperature has just been planted, the ground temperature is low, and it is necessary to immediately suffocate the shed. Even if the temperature exceeds 35 °C in a short time, the wind will not be released, so as to increase the ground temperature as soon as possible to promote the slow seedling. There is no excessive temperature during the slow seedling period, and there is no need to release the air. The small arch shed opens in the morning to increase the soil temperature as quickly as possible. After the seedlings are slowed down according to the weather conditions, the time should be 21 to 28 °C for more than 8 hours, and the minimum temperature for nighttime should be maintained at around 12 °C. As the outside temperature rises, the air outlet is gradually increased. When the outside temperature is stable above 12 °C, it can be ventilated day and night. The temperature in the greenhouse is 25 to 30 °C during the morning and 20 to 25 °C in the afternoon.
5.2 After cultivating the soil and slowing down the seedlings, 3 to 4 times of cultivating and loosening the soil, from near to far, from shallow to deep, combined with the cultivating to the melon seedlings and ridges, and finally forming a small high ridge cultivation.
5.3 After watering and planting, it is necessary to pour a slow seedling water, and then do not dry it. When the cucumber grows to 12 leaves, about 60% of the clams have a small melon of about 12cm, and the second water is poured. After entering the melon period, the water demand increases, and the water is adjusted due to factors such as growth and weather. During the interval, the water is poured once every 7 to 10 days before the growth period of the cucumber, and the water is poured once every 5 to 7 days in the middle of the period. The water is poured once every 3 to 5 days later. The watering in the early stage is better than watering in the sunny morning.
5.4 After the top dressing enters the melon period, combined with watering for topdressing, generally with water and fertilizer, each time per mu, 3 kg of urea, 5 kg of potassium sulfate, or 10 kg of high nitrogen and potassium.
5.5 Humidity greenhouse cucumber relative humidity should be controlled below 85%, try to make the leaves do not condense, no dripping, it is best to use longevity flow drop fogging greenhouse film. After watering in the morning on a sunny day, the greenhouse should be closed to 33 °C, and then slowly open the tuyere to let the air drain. The temperature drops to 25 ° C, close the tuyere, so do 2 to 3 times a day, for 2 to 3 consecutive days, reduce the air humidity in the shed.
5.6 Plant adjustment When the plant grows to 7-8 leaves, the plant height is about 25cm. Remove the small arch shed and start the sling. The side vines below the first melon should be removed early, and the leaves should be topped. When the main vine grows to 25 leaves, pick the heart and promote the return of the head melon. The root melon should be picked in time to avoid falling.
5.7 Small arch shed and the removal of the canopy The small arch shed is generally removed 15 to 20 days after the planting. As the external temperature rises, the skylight is gradually removed, and the light transmittance is increased. Generally, the lower sky can be removed in mid-March, and the second layer can be withdrawn at the end of March and early April.
6 pest control
6.1 Physical control Use shade net to control temperature, protect crops from strong light, use insect net to reduce pests, and hang a yellow plate with oil of 18cm×8cm every 15 square meters to trap white powder.
6.2 Ecological control During the day, the temperature is controlled at 25~30°C, and the temperature is controlled at 12~15°C at night. It is forbidden to flood the water, and the relative humidity is controlled below 85%. Try not to make the leaves dew condensation and reduce the condensation time.
6.3 Chemical control 1 Insect pest: The aphid is sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times or 25% deltamethrin EC 2000 times. Whitefly is sprayed with 25% chlorpyrifos WP 800 times or 25% AKTA water granules 2500 times. The leaf miner was sprayed with 1.8% zipper emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times. 2 Disease: Downy mildew is sprayed with 45% bacteriostatic agent 250g/mu smoked shed, or 72% kelu wettable powder 800 times liquid spray or 69% Anke Mn-Zn wettable powder 1000 times liquid spray. Bacterial angular plaque is sprayed with 72% agricultural streptomycin WP 3000 times or 77% WP 8.0 times. Anthracnose is sprayed with 75% dakoning WP 600 times or 10% high water granules 1500 times, powdery mildew with 10% high water dispersible 1500 times or 40% DuPont Fuxing emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times liquid spray. Botrytis cinerea is sprayed with 45% chlorothalonil smog 250g/mu, or 40% Shijiale WP 800 times or 50% keiling WP 1000 times.
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