The composite material is a combination of two different materials to form a new material that has more properties than the original two matrix materials. As early as in ancient Egypt, humans used mud and straw to form the earliest "composite", which exceeded the mud and wheat straw itself.
Modern common composite materials are classified into plastic-based composite materials according to different matrix materials (this article only discusses plastic-based composite materials), metal-based composite materials, ceramic-based composite materials, etc.; plastic-based composite materials are based on different materials incorporated into the matrix. Divided into carbon fiber, glass fiber (commonly known as FRP), aramid and other materials. There are many different materials superimposed, such as carbon fiber + aluminum alloy, carbon fiber + honeycomb material, glass fiber + titanium alloy and other materials.
Composite materials can be designed according to the strength requirements, design different fiber weaving direction, choose one direction to improve the material strength, divided into flat weave, twill weave, satin weave and other fiber laying direction methods. At the same time, the plastic matrix composite material can be further divided into a thermoplastic composite material and a thermosetting composite material according to the matrix; the thermoplastic material melts into a liquid at a high temperature and becomes a solid after being lower than the melting temperature. This process can be repeated, similar to small square ice cubes. Thermoset materials have different properties. Sufficient heat produces a chemical reaction called “crosslinking†and the material will deform forever. The heat is solid and solid with heat. After cross-linking, the thermoset material does not melt. At too high a temperature, the thermoset material will burn and the physical properties will decrease.
Composite materials have the following characteristics compared to metals:
· reduce weight;
· Reduce the number of parts, higher strength and rigidity;
· Better impact resistance, better fatigue resistance, better heat insulation and sound insulation, better vibration and noise attenuation, no current corrosion;
· Control the fiber direction to determine the characteristics of the material in different directions;
· Production of complex shape products.
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