1. Briefly explain why personal protection is required .
A: To investigate and deal with the epidemic on the spot, a large number of epidemiological investigations must be conducted. Cases, suspected cases, and related vector organisms may be contacted. Scientific and reasonable collection, preservation, and transportation of relevant specimens are required. When these tasks are carried out, the scenes Workers may be threatened by harmful factors in the on-site environment or pathogens carried by contactors. Safe protective measures must be taken to ensure the safety and health of field workers.
2. What is the role of personal protective equipment? what is it composed of?
A: Personal protective equipment refers to the equipment designed to protect the on-site workers from the hazards of chemical, biological, and radioactive pollution in order to protect public health incidents, so as to prevent harmful substances in the on-site environment from harming human health. Personal protective equipment generally includes protective clothing, protective eye protection, protective gloves, and respiratory supplies.
3. What protective measures should be taken to prevent contact and spread of infection?
A: To prevent contact with infectious diseases, the following precautions should be implemented:
( 1 ) Place the patient in a separate room;
( 2 ) Wear gloves when entering the patient's room;
( 3 ) The gloves must be replaced after contact with a high concentration of pathogens;
( 4 ) Remove gloves and wash hands with antibacterial soap before leaving the patient's room;
( 5 ) After removing the gloves, do not touch any surfaces that may contain pathogens.
4. When an outbreak of anthrax occurs in a certain place, the unit sends you to the epidemic site for terminal disinfection. According to regulations, secondary protection is required. Please briefly describe the order of wear and tear of protective equipment.
The order of wear:
1 hat
2 Wear protective clothing
3 wear masks
4 Wear protective glasses
5 Put on shoes or rubber shoes
6 Put on gloves and put gloves on the outside of protective clothing cuffs.
Take off the order:
1 Remove the protective glasses and place in disinfectant.
2 solution protective clothing.
3 Remove the gloves. Disposable gloves should be put inside out into a yellow plastic bag. The rubber gloves should be placed in disinfectant.
4 Take off the protective clothing and put it on the opposite side and put it in a dirty bag.
5 Put your finger back into the hat, and gently pull the hat off, face it out, and put it in a yellow plastic bag or dirty bag.
6 Remove the mask, hold the mask with one hand, and remove the mask with the other hand, and put it in a yellow plastic bag. Be careful not to touch the face with your hands.
7 Take off the shoe cover or rubber shoes, place the shoe cover on the opposite side, put it in a yellow plastic bag, and put the shoes into the disinfectant.
5. What is the purpose of wearing protective clothing during the control of infectious diseases?
The purpose of wearing protective clothing is to provide barrier protection for on-site disease control, hygiene supervision and clinical emergency personnel access to the potentially infectious on-site environment, the patient's blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, etc. It also involves the protection of rats, arthropods and some parasites and blood-sucking animals.
6. What should I pay attention to when wearing medical protective masks?
( 1 ) Do not pinch the nose clip with one hand.
( 2 ) Medical surgical masks can only be used once.
( 3 ) After the mask is wet and contaminated by the patient's blood and body fluids, it should be promptly replaced.
( 4 ) Adhesion inspection should be performed before wearing medical respirator into working area. Inspection method: Cover your protective mask completely with your hands and exhale quickly. If there is a leak near the nose clip, adjust the nose clip. If the leak is around, adjust it to avoid air leakage.
7. Hand-washing or quick-drying hands disinfectants should be used for hand hygiene when performing medical activities.
(1 ) Before and after direct contact with each patient, when moving from the contaminated part of the same patient's body to the cleaned part.
(2 ) After touching the patient's mucous membranes, damaged skin or wounds, contact with the patient's blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, wound dressings, etc.
(3 ) Before diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with impaired immune function.
(4 ) Before and after dressing off the gown, pick up the gloves.
(5 ) Before performing aseptic operations, cleaning and sterile items.
(6 ) After contact with the patient's surroundings and items.
(7 ) Before handling drugs or catering.
8 , in addition to the emergency team members to master the necessary professional knowledge, carrying the appropriate professional equipment should also carry what personal items?
1 personal identification document and ticket (ticket), it is recommended to copy a copy of the ID document;
2 Familiar with the geography and climate characteristics of the destination, carrying enough and appropriate clothing and umbrellas;
3 personal wash items and personal daily necessities;
4 According to the topographical features of the work site, select the suitable casual clothes for field work;
5 carry mobile phones and chargers and other communications supplies;
6 Bring cash with you, try to use UnionPay cards or credit cards;
7 If you have a history of chronic diseases such as high blood pressure or heart disease, you must be aware of your physical condition. Take care to bring emergency medicines with you, especially your own special medicines.
9. Briefly describe how to wear medical surgical masks and precautions.
Step 1: the mask covering the nose, mouth and chin, the lower back of the neck mask with lines, in the middle of the head above the belt line.
Step 2 : Place the two fingertips on the nose clip, start from the middle position, press with your hands and press inwards, and gradually move to the sides, shaping the nose clip according to the shape of the nose bridge.
Step 3 : Adjust the tightness of the tie.
Precautions
( 1 ) Do not pinch the nose clip with one hand.
( 2 ) Medical surgical masks can only be used once.
( 3 ) After the mask is wet and contaminated by the patient's blood and body fluids, it should be promptly replaced.
10. Briefly describe how to wear protective masks and precautions.
Step 1 : Hold the protective mask in one hand, with the back of the nose clip facing outward.
Step 2 : Cover the nose, mouth, and chin with the protective mask, and place the nose clip against the face.
Step 3 : Use the other hand to pull the lower strap over your head and place it under the ears behind your neck.
Step 4 : Pull the upper strap to the middle of the head.
Step 5 : Place two fingertips on the metal nose clips. Starting from the middle position, press the nose clips with your fingers and move them to the sides and press them. Shape the nose clip according to the shape of the nose bridge.
Precautions:
( 1 ) Do not pinch the nose clip with one hand.
( 2 ) After the mask is wet and contaminated by the patient's blood and body fluids, it should be promptly replaced.
( 3 ) Adhesion inspection should be performed before wearing a medical respirator into the work area. Inspection method: Cover your protective mask completely with your hands and exhale quickly. If there is a leak near the nose clip, adjust the nose clip. If the leak is around, adjust it to avoid air leakage.
11. Briefly describe how to wear and remove sterile gloves and precautions.
Wear sterile gloves method:
Step 1 : Open the glove bag and raise the opening of the pocket with one hand.
Step 2 : Hold the glove folded part ( glove inside) with the other hand and take out the gloves.
Step 3 : Lift another bag and insert the gloved finger into the inside of the flanks of the other glove and wear the gloves.
Step 4 : Then put the glove over the working sleeve outside the sleeve.
Take off the gloves:
Step 1 : Gloves should be removed by grasping the edge of the contaminated surface of the other glove with a gloved hand.
Step 2 : Holding the gloved hand, hold the gloved hand and use the gloved hand to pinch the other glove's clean side (inside) and remove the glove.
Step 3 : Hold the glove inside by hand and throw it inside the medical waste container.
Precautions:
( 1 ) Gloves should be changed between patients with different care and treatment.
( 2 ) When the gloves are removed after the operation is completed, the hands and feet should be washed according to the prescribed procedures and methods. The use of gloves can not be used as a substitute for washing hands. Hand disinfection is necessary. ( 3 ) When the gloves are found damaged during operation, they should be replaced in time.
( 4 ) When wearing sterile gloves, prevent contamination of the gloves.
12. What is the principle of hand hygiene? Under what conditions do you choose to wash your hands or use a quick-drying hand disinfectant?
When visible contaminations such as blood or other body fluids are present on the hands, wash hands with soap or soap and running water. There is no visible contamination in the hands and hand sanitizers should be used to disinfect hands instead of washing hands. Hand disinfectants can generally use alcohol-based quick-drying hand disinfectants. When the pathogen's resistance is stronger than the alcohol disinfectants, the effective disinfectants should be selected.
According to the above principle, choose to wash your hands or use a quick-drying hand disinfectant under the following conditions.
(1 ) Before and after direct contact with each patient, when moving from the contaminated part of the same patient's body to the cleaned part.
(2 ) After touching the patient's mucous membranes, damaged skin or wounds, contact with the patient's blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, wound dressings, etc.
(3 ) Before diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with impaired immune function.
(4 ) Before and after dressing off the gown, pick up the gloves.
(5 ) Before performing aseptic operations, cleaning and sterile items.
(6 ) After contact with the patient's surroundings and items.
(7 ) Before handling drugs or catering.
13. What is standard prevention?
A: Standard prevention is a group of infection-prevention measures taken by personnel of medical institutions, including hand hygiene. Gloves, protective clothing (gowns), masks, goggles or face masks, and safe injections are selected based on expected exposure.
14. What is the purpose of personal protection?
Personal protection refers to measures taken to protect people in the field from sudden public health incidents from chemical, biological and radioactive contamination hazards to prevent the harmful effects of hazardous substances on the human body in the on-site environment, including the establishment of protective procedures and protective devices. The choice and use, etc.
15. Briefly describe the “six-step washing method†procedure.
Step 1 : The palms are opposite, fingers close together, rubbing each other.
Step 2 : The palms of the palm of the hand rub each other along the fingers and exchange proceeds.
Step 3 : The palms are opposite and the fingers of both hands are rubbed against each other.
Step 4 : Bend your fingers to rotate the joints in the palm of the other hand and exchange them.
Step 5 : The right hand holds the thumb of his left hand and rotates and kneads. The exchange proceeds.
Step 6 : Put the five fingers together and place it on the palm of the other hand.
Rinse your hands thoroughly under running water, dry them, and apply appropriate amount of hand lotion to skin care.
16. What are the requirements for rescue workers for on-site emergency response to public health emergencies?
The on-the-spot emergency work of public health emergencies is the disposal of the incident and the rescue operations performed on the victims in the presence of hazardous factors. There are hazard factors that may endanger the health and life safety of the rescue workers. Therefore, all personnel participating in the rescue should carry out rescue work on the premise of full protection. All personnel engaged in on-site work must undergo systematic individual protection training and regular drills. Those who temporarily mobilize to participate in emergency treatment should also receive qualified personal protection training and configure appropriate personal protective equipment before entering the scene to participate in emergency rescue.
17. Talk about your understanding of the protective performance of personal protective equipment.
The protective performance of any personal protective equipment is limited, that is, the correct choice and use of any personal protective device can only minimize the threat of harmful substances that may enter the human body from the environment. It is not absolutely safe. Therefore, in the rescue, we should first consider how to deal with the source of the hazard, to control the leakage of the maximum amount of harmful substances, and to keep the on-site workers away from the harmful environment. In order to protect the safety and health of field workers, and to ensure the smooth and effective implementation of on-site rescue work, when deciding to use personal protective equipment, it is necessary to fully understand the performance and limitations of various types of personal protective equipment, and choose the protective performance and level of harm that are equivalent. Protective equipment.
18. Can I participate in the treatment of infectious diseases without proper protection?
A: If there is no proper protection, any rescue workers should not be exposed to environments that can or may harm health. Relief work without proper personal protection can only increase the hazards of incidents and the complexity of incident handling, even causing serious consequences. In particular, it is necessary to explain that the uniforms and masks worn by the professionals in the daily work such as disease control, hygiene supervision, and clinical first aid for handling public health emergencies do not effectively isolate hazardous substances on the site, and cannot be used for hazards. Use in a heavier environment.
19. What should I do if I accidentally expose my blood and body fluids to the patient during on-site treatment?
After the on-site staff is exposed to blood / body fluids by acupuncture, cuts, bites, or blood / body fluid splashes to the mucous membranes or through damaged skin, the exposed area should be immediately rinsed with soap and water for 15 minutes. If it splashes on eyes or mucous membranes, rinse with clean water for 15 minutes. The injured should report immediately to their superiors and seek further treatment. The corresponding treatment should start within 1 to 2 hours.
After being needled by a needle, AIDS, Hepatitis B surface antibodies, and Hepatitis C antibodies should be tested immediately in accordance with the prescribed testing guidelines.
20. What is the role of protective clothing?
Protective clothing generally includes tops, trousers, and caps, which can be either one-piece or two-piece. The design of protective clothing should be reasonable in structure, easy to wear and tear off, tight in the binding site, and can effectively block the intrusion of harmful substances. In the process of controlling infectious diseases, the purpose of wearing protective clothing is to provide barriers for disease control, hygiene supervision, and clinical emergency personnel to contact the potentially infectious on-site environment, the patient's blood, body fluids, secretions, and excrement. Protection. It also involves the protection of rats, arthropods and some parasites and blood-sucking animals. Rescue workers in infectious disease areas should avoid contact with contaminated items and pollute the environment as much as possible. If necessary, they can use immunization and prevent the use of drugs.
21 , protective eye, mask what effect? Under what circumstances?
The eye and face protection devices all have the function of preventing high-speed particle impact and impact, and according to different application requirements, they are respectively resistant to liquid splash, harmful light (such as strong visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, laser, etc.) or dust . For the presence of irritant, corrosive gases, and vapors, it is recommended that a full face mask should be selected. The use of eye masks alone cannot achieve airtight requirements. If there is harmful light such as gas cutting at the scene of the accident, the staff should be equipped with protective glasses with corresponding functions. Comprehensive respiratory protection has a protective effect on the eyes. Eye masks also have certain isolation effects on radioactive dust and Egypt's airborne pathogens. The on-site investigation and treatment personnel, laboratory staff, and hospital infectious diseases personnel who may be exposed to various hazards at work must take eye protection measures.
Wear goggles or face shields in the following cases: When the patient's blood, body fluids, secretions, etc., are splashed; when a droplet-borne infectious disease patient is in close contact. For patients with respiratory infections, such as tracheotomy and tracheal intubation, a full-scale protective mask should be used when blood, body fluids, and secretions are splashed.
22. What is the level A protection object and equipment for personal protection devices ?
Class A protection of personal protective equipment provides the best protection for gases and liquids in the surrounding environment. Applicable protective objects: high vapor pressure, skin absorbable or carcinogenic and highly toxic chemicals; high concentrations of liquid splashing, contact, infiltration, and vapor exposure may occur; exposure to unknown chemicals (pure or mixture); harmful concentrations IDLH concentration; anoxic.
equipment:
1 Full face mask positive pressure air respirator ( SCBA ).
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Sperian SCBA105M positive pressure air respirator
2 fully enclosed gas-tight chemical protective clothing (for airtight systems against all types of chemical liquids, gas leaks).
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GRS Emergency Fire Extinguishing Secondary Chemical Protective Clothing
3 protective gloves (anti-chemical).
4 anti-chemical boots .
5 hard hats.
23. What are Class B protective objects and equipment for personal protection devices ?
A: Class B protection of personal protective equipment is used in the presence of toxic gases (or vapors) or in the environment where pathogenic substances do not cause serious damage to the skin.
Protection object:
Known gaseous toxic chemicals that can cause skin absorption or respiratory hazards, reaching IDLH concentrations; hypoxia.
equipment:
1 Full face mask positive pressure air respirator ( SCBA ).
2 Hooded chemical protective clothing (non-hermetic, anti-chemical liquid leakage).
3 chemical resistant gloves.
4 anti-chemical boots.
5 hard hats.
24. What are the Class C protective objects and equipment for personal protective equipment?
A: The C -level protection of personal protective equipment is suitable for low-concentration pollution or on-site support operations. Protective objects: Non-skin-absorbing toxicants; known types and concentrations of toxicants; concentrations below IDLH concentrations; no oxygen deficiency.
Equipment: 1 Air-filtered respiratory protection (positive or negative pressure system, selective air filtration, suitable for specific protection objects and hazard levels). 2 Hooded chemical protective clothing (separation of particles, a small amount of liquid splash). 3 protective gloves (anti-chemical liquid leakage). 4 protective boots (anti-chemical liquid leakage).
This article is edited and compiled by China Rescue Equipment Network. Please indicate the link.
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