The economic and social development in the current and even 30-50 years is still based on a carbon-based energy consumption structure. The contradiction between environmental pollution and the construction of ecological civilization caused by this energy structure becomes more and more prominent, and the efficient implementation of carbon-containing resources is achieved. Conversion and utilization is one of the important ways to resolve these contradictions. In the future, humanity will be oriented toward a sustainable energy structure based on a low-carbon and carbon-free energy economy, especially a new structure of an energy system based on hydrogen energy. Among them, hydrogen fuel cells are the most promising new generation energy supply system, but the hydrogen chemistry is active. The storage and transportation of hydrogen has always been a bottleneck hindering the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. At present, although Toyota has demonstrated hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and hydrogen is stored in cylinders of about 120 L and pressures up to 700 kg, its safety is not optimistic, and there are also hidden risks in the construction of hydrogen infrastructure in the city. In addition, other current hydrogen storage systems are either expensive or have limited storage capacity. In response to these deficiencies, storing hydrogen in methanol has become a solution of interest to researchers. Methanol can undergo liquid phase reforming with water and release high-quality density (18.8 wt%) of hydrogen in situ. However, the traditional methanol steam reforming operation needs to be carried out at a relatively high temperature (200-350 oC). In order to achieve high efficiency and hydrogen production under mild conditions, break through the bottleneck of storage and transportation of hydrogen, a new type of methanol water weight needs to be developed urgently. Highly efficient catalytic system.
Recently, Wen Xiaodong, National Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is a research group for thousands of young people in the Central Organization Department, 100 people in the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Martin and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhou Wu, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shichuan, Dalian University of Technology. In cooperation with other research groups, aiming at the characteristics of methanol and aqueous liquid-phase hydrogen production, a novel atomic-scale dispersed platinum-molybdenum-carbide dual-function catalyst was developed based on experimental design and theoretical calculations, and realized at low temperatures (150 to 190 oC). ) Efficient hydrogen production efficiency. It is found that there is a very strong interaction between platinum (Pt) and molybdenum carbide (MoC) substrates, which allows Pt to be atomically dispersed on the surface of MoC nanoparticles to form a high-density atomic-scale catalytic active center. Monodisperse Pt is mainly responsible for the dissociation process of methanol, while MoC is mainly responsible for the dissociation process of water. The important thing is that the reaction rates of these two catalytic processes are similar, and thus an efficient bifunctional catalytic system is formed.
The synergy between the atomic-scale highly dispersed Pt center and the molybdenum carbide substrate enables efficient activation and synergistic conversion of the reaction intermediate at the interface between the two, resulting in an overall high catalyst in methanol and aqueous liquid phase reactions. The hydrogen production activity can release hydrogen gas at a reaction rate of 2,276 molH2/(molPt*h) at 150oC, and further increase the temperature to 190oC. The hydrogen release rate can reach 18,046 molH2/(molPt*h), which is higher than the activity of traditional platinum-based catalysts. Nearly two orders of magnitude. At the same time, the atomic-scale dispersion characteristics can maximize the utilization rate of platinum in precious metals. With the hydrogen production activity estimated, only 6 grams of platinum can be used to make the hydrogen production rate reach 1 kgH2/h, basically satisfying the commercial vehicle fuel. Battery pack requirements. With the current methanol market price (2,400 yuan/ton), using this technology to store and release hydrogen, the fuel price per 100 kilometers of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is only about 13 yuan, and 60 to 80 liters of methanol can be used to drive domestic cars. ~1000 km. The research work provides a new direction for the efficient, clean conversion and utilization of carbon-containing resources, realizes a highly efficient and gentle transformation from carbon-containing resources to carbon-free energy, and provides new ideas for the preparation, storage, and safe use of hydrogen energy, and is expected to be The next generation of high efficiency hydrogen storage system has been applied. The research results were published on March 23rd, Nature (doi:10.1038/nature21672) with the title Low-temperature hydrogen production from water and methanol using Pt/α-MoC catalysts. The American Chemical Society's C&E News magazine highlighted the work with the title “New process for generating hydrogen fuelâ€. Dion Vlachos, director of the Energy Center at the University of Delaware, commented that this new process "is at the forefront of technology in terms of reaction performance"; Matthias Beller, director of the Leibniz Catalysis Institute in Germany, believes that this catalytic system is a major breakthrough. Such catalysts are also expected to play an advantageous role in the hydrogen production from other aqueous phase reforming processes such as domestic wastewater and ethanol.
The authors of this paper are Lin Lili of Peking University, Zhou Wu, a researcher of National Science of Science and Technology, and the State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion of Shanxi Coal Chemistry Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Dr. The study was funded by the National Youth Ministry's 1000-member youth plan, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (major research program - the catalytic science of carbon-based energy conversion and utilization), the 100-person plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the 100-person plan of Shanxi Province.
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