1 field management essentials
Corn is an indicator of high-yield food crops for many nutrients. How to scientifically balance fertilization according to the growth and development characteristics of wheat and summer maize, and strengthen field management is the necessary guarantee to achieve high quality and high yield of summer maize.
According to the growth characteristics of corn, it can be divided into three important stages: seedling stage, ear stage and flowering stage. Corn absorbs the most nitrogen in its lifetime, followed by potassium and phosphorus. Generally speaking, for every 100 kg of corn kernels produced, it is necessary to absorb 2.5 to 4.0 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.86 to 1.1 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 3.0 to 5.5 kg of potassium, the ratio of which is 1:0.4:1.3. 600-700 kg per mu should be applied with 26~28 kg of pure nitrogen, 7~8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 8~10 kg of potassium oxide and 1 kg of zinc fertilizer. Generally, the “light-heavy-light†fertilization method is adopted. When planting, 30%~40% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and all phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and boron fertilizer are simultaneously and evenly distributed into the soil with the seed spacing of 2 cm; the second time in the corn 50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the trumpet period, in the deep soil application, to increase the grain by attacking the ear; the third time to trace the remaining total nitrogen content in the corn silking stage by 10% to increase the functional stage of the later stage and delay the senescence of the leaves. To increase photosynthetic productivity and increase grain weight.
Implement chemical regulation in the corn 6~8 leaf trumpet period, use 1 bag of 20 ml of high jade gold liquid or 30 ml of short water per acre, 30 kg of water, spray heart leaves, make corn stalks strong, roots developed, Reduce the plant height by 20~30 cm, resist wind and fall, and increase production by more than 20%.
Scientific prevention and control of pests and diseases Corn borer can be sprayed on the bell mouth with 48% chlorpyrifos EC 30 ml and water 30 kg per acre in the 8~10 leaf flare period, or spray the bell mouth with 2.0% avermectin EC 3000 times, or The bell mouth was sprayed with a 24.5% green hen 101 emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times. Prevention and control of corn leaf spot and leaf rust can be carried out in the early stage of the disease by spraying 12.5% ​​of the straw WP WP 800 times, and spraying once every 5 to 7 days. After corn sowing, weeding and weeding can be used. It can be used with new safe herbicides, such as Kesai, long-term red emulsifiable concentrate, 125 ml per acre, 30~45 kg of ground spray, which is safe for crop safety. If the seedlings are weeded, the corn seedlings and high-efficiency herbicides such as “Jade Jinchunâ€, “Tainizu†and “Nicosulfuron†can be used for chemical weeding before the corn leaves.
When drought-resistant and flood-stricken, it should be timely watered to meet the demand for high yield of corn. Foliar application of high-efficiency nutrient-resistant anti-drug, regulate cell stomata, reduce water evaporation, supplement nutrition, and improve drought resistance. When encountering shovel, ditches and drains, lowers the water level in the field, reduces the damage of the sputum and ensures normal growth.
Appropriate late harvest test studies have shown that the “mammary gland†on the corn kernels disappears after harvesting, which can promote the full maturity of the corn, further increase the yield and quality of the corn, and the yield per mu is generally 25~35 kg.
(Wei Deyong, Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Sheqi County, Henan Province)
2 management critical period
Corn growth and development can be divided into seedling stage, jointing, booting, heading, filling, and maturity.
Before planting, combine the application of base fertilizer; apply top dressing when planting; summer maize should not be applied in the seedling stage because of the lack of fertilization; the big trumpet period is the key period of topdressing. If the soil is weak, it can be advanced to the jointing stage or small trumpet. Oral administration.
It is necessary to select high-quality, high-yield, high-resistance, anti-dumping and disease-resistant varieties; improve the quality of land preparation and sowing; pay attention to anti-summer and lodging; combine the characteristics of different growth stages to strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases. (Professor Wang Xingren, China Agricultural University)
3 skillful topdressing yield
Miao fertilizer is generally applied after the seedling is fixed to the jointing stage. The seedling fertilizer and jointing fertilizer are combined for one application, which has the functions of promoting roots, strong seedlings, promoting leaves and strengthening stalks. In addition to the application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, the seedling fertilizer can also be applied with phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer at the same time, or can also be applied with decomposed organic fertilizer.
The jointing fertilizer is mainly applied to nitrogen fertilizer, and 10~15 kg of urea ditch or acupoint can be applied per acre to avoid the application before heavy rain to prevent leaching by rain. For fields with insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the soil, three-element compound fertilizer can also be blended when topdressing, 7.5~10 kg per mu.
The amount of fertilizer for panicle and panicle fertilizer should account for about 50% of the total fertilization. It is mainly based on available nitrogen fertilizer. The application period is in the differentiation stage of spikelet and florets, usually during the small bell mouth. In recent years, some places have paid great attention to the application of panicle fertilizer, but it should be noted that the application of panicle fertilizer is too late, and the effect of increasing the yield of panicle fertilizer is not fully realized, and most farmers only apply fertilizer and the amount of fertilizer is insufficient. Post-fertilization, yellowing and premature aging, baldness growth, and weight loss.
After the application of granular fertilizer corn flowering pollination, the grain fertilizer can be appropriately applied to promote the fullness of the grain, reduce the length of the bald tip, and increase the yield and quality of the corn. The grain fertilizer is mainly applied with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and the 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can also be sprayed on the foliage. The amount of granular fertilizer accounts for about 5% of the total fertilizer.
Applying micro-fertilizer to the micro-fertilizer can increase the yield. Zinc fertilizer. The zinc sulfate solution can be sprayed at the seedling stage, the jointing stage, the big bell stage and the heading stage, but the spraying effect at the seedling stage and the jointing stage is better. Boron fertilizer. Boron fertilizer can be used as a base fertilizer or as a soaking seed. (Jia Youjiang, Agricultural Bureau of Yucheng County, Shandong Province)
Farmers Daily
Corn is an indicator of high-yield food crops for many nutrients. How to scientifically balance fertilization according to the growth and development characteristics of wheat and summer maize, and strengthen field management is the necessary guarantee to achieve high quality and high yield of summer maize.
According to the growth characteristics of corn, it can be divided into three important stages: seedling stage, ear stage and flowering stage. Corn absorbs the most nitrogen in its lifetime, followed by potassium and phosphorus. Generally speaking, for every 100 kg of corn kernels produced, it is necessary to absorb 2.5 to 4.0 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.86 to 1.1 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 3.0 to 5.5 kg of potassium, the ratio of which is 1:0.4:1.3. 600-700 kg per mu should be applied with 26~28 kg of pure nitrogen, 7~8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 8~10 kg of potassium oxide and 1 kg of zinc fertilizer. Generally, the “light-heavy-light†fertilization method is adopted. When planting, 30%~40% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and all phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and boron fertilizer are simultaneously and evenly distributed into the soil with the seed spacing of 2 cm; the second time in the corn 50% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the trumpet period, in the deep soil application, to increase the grain by attacking the ear; the third time to trace the remaining total nitrogen content in the corn silking stage by 10% to increase the functional stage of the later stage and delay the senescence of the leaves. To increase photosynthetic productivity and increase grain weight.
Implement chemical regulation in the corn 6~8 leaf trumpet period, use 1 bag of 20 ml of high jade gold liquid or 30 ml of short water per acre, 30 kg of water, spray heart leaves, make corn stalks strong, roots developed, Reduce the plant height by 20~30 cm, resist wind and fall, and increase production by more than 20%.
Scientific prevention and control of pests and diseases Corn borer can be sprayed on the bell mouth with 48% chlorpyrifos EC 30 ml and water 30 kg per acre in the 8~10 leaf flare period, or spray the bell mouth with 2.0% avermectin EC 3000 times, or The bell mouth was sprayed with a 24.5% green hen 101 emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times. Prevention and control of corn leaf spot and leaf rust can be carried out in the early stage of the disease by spraying 12.5% ​​of the straw WP WP 800 times, and spraying once every 5 to 7 days. After corn sowing, weeding and weeding can be used. It can be used with new safe herbicides, such as Kesai, long-term red emulsifiable concentrate, 125 ml per acre, 30~45 kg of ground spray, which is safe for crop safety. If the seedlings are weeded, the corn seedlings and high-efficiency herbicides such as “Jade Jinchunâ€, “Tainizu†and “Nicosulfuron†can be used for chemical weeding before the corn leaves.
When drought-resistant and flood-stricken, it should be timely watered to meet the demand for high yield of corn. Foliar application of high-efficiency nutrient-resistant anti-drug, regulate cell stomata, reduce water evaporation, supplement nutrition, and improve drought resistance. When encountering shovel, ditches and drains, lowers the water level in the field, reduces the damage of the sputum and ensures normal growth.
Appropriate late harvest test studies have shown that the “mammary gland†on the corn kernels disappears after harvesting, which can promote the full maturity of the corn, further increase the yield and quality of the corn, and the yield per mu is generally 25~35 kg.
(Wei Deyong, Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Sheqi County, Henan Province)
2 management critical period
Corn growth and development can be divided into seedling stage, jointing, booting, heading, filling, and maturity.
Before planting, combine the application of base fertilizer; apply top dressing when planting; summer maize should not be applied in the seedling stage because of the lack of fertilization; the big trumpet period is the key period of topdressing. If the soil is weak, it can be advanced to the jointing stage or small trumpet. Oral administration.
It is necessary to select high-quality, high-yield, high-resistance, anti-dumping and disease-resistant varieties; improve the quality of land preparation and sowing; pay attention to anti-summer and lodging; combine the characteristics of different growth stages to strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases. (Professor Wang Xingren, China Agricultural University)
3 skillful topdressing yield
Miao fertilizer is generally applied after the seedling is fixed to the jointing stage. The seedling fertilizer and jointing fertilizer are combined for one application, which has the functions of promoting roots, strong seedlings, promoting leaves and strengthening stalks. In addition to the application of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, the seedling fertilizer can also be applied with phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer at the same time, or can also be applied with decomposed organic fertilizer.
The jointing fertilizer is mainly applied to nitrogen fertilizer, and 10~15 kg of urea ditch or acupoint can be applied per acre to avoid the application before heavy rain to prevent leaching by rain. For fields with insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the soil, three-element compound fertilizer can also be blended when topdressing, 7.5~10 kg per mu.
The amount of fertilizer for panicle and panicle fertilizer should account for about 50% of the total fertilization. It is mainly based on available nitrogen fertilizer. The application period is in the differentiation stage of spikelet and florets, usually during the small bell mouth. In recent years, some places have paid great attention to the application of panicle fertilizer, but it should be noted that the application of panicle fertilizer is too late, and the effect of increasing the yield of panicle fertilizer is not fully realized, and most farmers only apply fertilizer and the amount of fertilizer is insufficient. Post-fertilization, yellowing and premature aging, baldness growth, and weight loss.
After the application of granular fertilizer corn flowering pollination, the grain fertilizer can be appropriately applied to promote the fullness of the grain, reduce the length of the bald tip, and increase the yield and quality of the corn. The grain fertilizer is mainly applied with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and the 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can also be sprayed on the foliage. The amount of granular fertilizer accounts for about 5% of the total fertilizer.
Applying micro-fertilizer to the micro-fertilizer can increase the yield. Zinc fertilizer. The zinc sulfate solution can be sprayed at the seedling stage, the jointing stage, the big bell stage and the heading stage, but the spraying effect at the seedling stage and the jointing stage is better. Boron fertilizer. Boron fertilizer can be used as a base fertilizer or as a soaking seed. (Jia Youjiang, Agricultural Bureau of Yucheng County, Shandong Province)
Farmers Daily
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