Abstract The eternal theme of manufacturing: improving production efficiency, reducing resource consumption, achieving environmental friendliness, and improving the quality of life. First, the future of advanced manufacturing "Industry 4.0": jointly sponsored by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, in the German academic community and production...
The eternal theme of manufacturing: improving production efficiency, reducing resource consumption, achieving environmental friendliness, and improving the quality of life.
First, the future of advanced manufacturing
“Industry 4.0â€: jointly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, formed by the advice and promotion of German academics and industry, and has risen to a national strategy. The German federal government has invested 200 million euros. The German government proposed the “Industry 4.0†strategy and officially launched it at the Hannover Messe in April 2013. The concept of "Industry 4.0" is the fourth industrial revolution dominated by intelligent manufacturing, or a revolutionary production method. The strategy aims to transform manufacturing into an intelligent enterprise by leveraging the combination of ICT and the cyberspace virtual system, the Cyber-Physical System.
German manufacturing is one of the most competitive manufacturing industries in the world and has a leading position in the global manufacturing equipment sector. Much of this stems from Germany's focus on the research and development of innovative industrial technology products and the management of complex industrial processes. Germany has a strong equipment and workshop manufacturing industry, has a high level of competence in the world of information technology, and has a very professional technology in embedded systems and automation engineering. These factors together have established Germany's leading position in the manufacturing engineering industry. . Through the implementation of the Industry 4.0 strategy, Germany will become a supplier and leading market for a new generation of industrial production technology (ie, information physics systems), which will enable Germany to once again enhance its global competitiveness while continuing to maintain the development of domestic manufacturing.
Industry 4.0 Evolution
Industrial Revolution 1.0: The first industrial revolution began in Britain at the end of the 18th century and ended in the mid-19th century. The result of this industrial revolution is that mechanical production has replaced manual labor. The economic society has shifted from agriculture and handicrafts to a model of industrial and mechanical manufacturing that drives economic development.
Industrial Revolution 2.0: The second major change in the industrial field took place in the early 20th century, forming the stage of production line production. Through the successful separation of parts production and product assembly, a new model for mass production of products has been created. After the 1970s, as electronic engineering and information technology were enriched into industrial processes, production optimization and automation were achieved.
Industrial Revolution 3.0: The third industrial revolution began with a high degree of automation of the production process that took place during the second industrial revolution. Since then, machinery has been able to gradually replace human work.
Industrial Revolution 4.0: In the next 10 years, the fourth industrial revolution will enter a new era of “decentralized†production. Industry 4.0 achieves real-time management by determining network technologies such as manufacturing processes.
The United States: Vigorously develop advanced manufacturing and implement advanced manufacturing partnership programs. The core is “artificial intelligence + robot + digital manufacturingâ€.
Second, the role of information technology in the development of manufacturing
Advanced manufacturing is the integration of information technology and manufacturing. Changes in manufacturing patterns and formats in the information age will be: from mass production to mass customization; from production to service manufacturing; from versatile production to network manufacturing and cloud manufacturing; Development to the Internet of manufacturing; retail and agency gradually changed to e-commerce; stores gradually changed into experience centers. The construction and improvement of manufacturing innovation capabilities should conform to and promote these changes.
The role of information technology in the development of manufacturing industry: reduce manufacturing transaction costs, improve manufacturing lean management, improve manufacturing efficiency, promote manufacturing intelligence, promote manufacturing innovation, and accelerate manufacturing to service manufacturing The transformation, the innovation capability of manufacturing clusters, the acceleration of manufacturing to achieve green manufacturing, the promotion of globalization of manufacturing, and the creation of new formats and industries for manufacturing.
Internet thinking : Make full use of the ubiquitous nature of the Internet, innovate business models, create amazing efficiency, integrate manufacturing resources, and promote transformation and upgrading of manufacturing.
Internet thinking is a way of thinking about the market, the users, the products, the enterprise value chain and even the entire business ecosystem in the context of the continuous development of (mobile) Internet, big data, cloud computing and other technologies. The way of thinking in the Internet age is not limited to Internet products and Internet companies. “The Internet is becoming one of the true infrastructures of modern society, just like electricity and roads. The Internet is not just a tool that can be used to improve efficiency, it is the infrastructure to build future production methods and lifestyles, and more importantly, Internet thinking should be the starting point for all our business thinking."
Cloud manufacturing is a manufacturing model under the Internet thinking, and it is the innovation of Internet thinking to the manufacturing model. The development and maturity of industrial software technology, cloud computing technology, broadband network technology and big data technology are changing everything and are changing manufacturing.
Characteristics of manufacturing technology innovation in the information age :
1. Research tools are increasingly digital and intelligent
2. The innovation model is developing in the direction of remote and synergistic
3. It is easier for users to participate in the innovation process, and the popularization model is gradually popularized.
4. The technology update cycle is shortened and the innovation speed is accelerated.
5. Research and development (including design, research, testing) means virtualization and networking
The role of information technology in building innovation capacity
1. Improve education efficiency, accelerate the cultivation of innovative talents and innovative teams (robot education, online education, distance education, online free courses, etc. to expand the audience of education and improve education efficiency)
2. Optimize innovation infrastructure and promote innovation resource sharing
3. Reduce innovation costs and increase innovation efficiency
4. Create an open and innovative environment and accelerate the output of innovation
5. Stimulate the potential of innovation and accelerate the pace of technological progress
Third, the new connotation and components of innovation ability
Classic definition of technological innovation
Innovation is the “new combination of means of production†that introduces a “new combination†of production factors and production conditions that have never been seen before into production systems.
The new portfolio includes five scenarios:
( 1) Introducing a new product; (2) adopting a new production method; (3) opening up a new market; (4) a new source of supply of raw materials or semi-finished products; (5) The formation of new organizations.
The classic connotation of technological innovation
Technological innovation is a technology innovator represented by entrepreneurs, applying innovative knowledge and new technologies, new processes, new materials, adopting new production methods and management modes, reorganizing production conditions and elements, improving product quality, and developing production. A comprehensive process of new products, new services, market value and competitive advantage.
The classic connotation and components of technological innovation
The “capacity†of a manufacturing enterprise: a set of conditions necessary for the comprehensive use of controllable resources within a corporate organization system to achieve value creation.
Technological innovation capability of enterprises (industries): The sum of technology, experience, knowledge and skills accumulated by enterprises (industries) for a long time is the ability of enterprises (industries) to form, develop and serve the innovation process in the process of technological innovation, and to protect enterprises ( Industry) Sustainable and effective technological innovation activities.
Elements of innovation capability: systems, facilities, teams and mechanisms.
Innovative capacity components: innovative facilities
Innovative facilities mainly refer to the necessary material and technical basic conditions for supporting innovation activities, such as laboratories, test sites, experimental equipment, instruments, networks, and computer systems. At present, the innovation facilities at the national and industrial levels mainly include: national major scientific engineering facilities, research and experimental facilities, industrial common technology and innovative service platforms.
Innovative capabilities components: innovation team
The innovation team is the carrier of innovation. China's manufacturing innovation team is in urgent need of: system design talents, discipline leaders, engineering and technical personnel and advanced skills.
As the soul of the innovation team - entrepreneurs should have: team influence, strategic leadership, spiritual appeal.
Elements of innovation capability: innovation mechanism
Innovation activities are an organic process in which innovators and innovative resources operate effectively, and the rules, norms, procedures, and systems that sustain the smooth and efficient operation of this process are mechanisms. The technological innovation mechanism is a complex integrated system.
This system consists of the basic mechanisms of running cooperation mechanism, evaluation and incentive mechanism, and guarantee mechanism, as well as many secondary mechanisms that affect each other and restrict each other.
Fourth, the way, key, and focus of the improvement of advanced manufacturing innovation capability
The focus of advanced manufacturing to enhance innovation:
Do a good job in system design and arrangement; create an environment conducive to innovation, cultivate innovative talents; promote the integration and interaction of three chains (industry chain, innovation chain, capital chain); improve the mechanism of science and technology transformation, and strengthen the bridge and channel of science and technology -industry Construction.
V. Suggestions for strengthening innovation capacity building at the home and industry levels:
Building a national manufacturing innovation center and innovation network; building a national manufacturing engineering data center; reforming the education system, strengthening engineering education and vocational education; and adopting different ways to strengthen industrial common technology research according to the reality of different industries.
(This article is based on the special advisor of China Machinery Industry Federation and the former chief engineer of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, Professor Zhu Sendi, at the second advanced manufacturing conference, "Improving Innovation Capability, Accelerating the Development of Advanced Manufacturing Industry". Come, without the author's own review.)
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