Aluminum alloy is one of the most widely used non-ferrous metal structural materials in the industry, and has been widely used in aviation, aerospace, automotive, machinery manufacturing, marine aluminum alloy and chemical industry. With the rapid development of science and technology and industrial economy in recent years, the demand for aluminum alloy welded structural parts is increasing, and the research on the weldability of aluminum alloys is also deepened. The wide application of aluminum alloy promotes the development of aluminum alloy welding technology, and the development of welding technology has expanded the application field of aluminum alloy. Therefore, the welding technology of aluminum alloy is becoming one of the research hotspots.
The density of pure aluminum is small (Ï=2.7g/cm3), about 1/3 of iron, low melting point (660°C), aluminum is face-centered cubic structure, so it has high plasticity (δ: 32~40%, ψ: 70~90%), easy to process, can be made into various profiles and plates. The corrosion resistance is good; however, the strength of pure aluminum is very low, and the annealing state σb value is about 8kgf/mm2, so it is not suitable as a structural material. Through long-term production practices and scientific experiments, people gradually strengthened aluminum by adding alloying elements and applying heat treatment, which resulted in a series of aluminum alloys. The alloy formed by adding certain elements can have higher strength while maintaining the advantages of pure aluminum, and the σb value can reach 24 to 60 kgf/mm2, respectively. This makes its "specific strength" (the ratio of strength to specific gravity σb / Ï) outperforms many alloy steels and becomes an ideal structural material, widely used in machinery manufacturing, transportation machinery, power machinery and aviation industry, aircraft fuselage , skins, compressors, etc. are often made of aluminum alloy to reduce their own weight. The use of aluminum alloy instead of steel plate welding can reduce the structural weight by more than 50%.
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